CivilsIASPrep.comUPSC PYQs: Logical Reasoning
Review complete published questions grouped by subject: Logical Reasoning.
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Questions
- How many arrangements can be made from the letters of QUEUE if Q must always be immediately followed by U?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Permutations
- Eight people P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W sit around a circle. P and R are adjacent to Q; T and R are adjacent to S; U and W are adjacent to V; S and W are opposite. Moving clockwise from P, R occurs before T. How many people does Q pass clockwise before meeting W?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Circular seating
- A fixed 6×10 rectangular tabletop has two non-overlapping blue rectangles, each 2.5×8, each touching two adjacent outer edges; the rest is white. How many distinct above-view patterns are possible?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Spatial arrangement
- A 15-character string follows a repeating pattern of a and b and is shown with two unknown characters at positions 7 and 8. The consistent repeating block is abbab. What are positions 7 and 8?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Pattern recognition
- A cube is cut by planes, pieces remaining unmoved. After the third cut all resulting pieces are identical. Which cannot be the total number of pieces after a fourth planar cut?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Spatial cutting
- P,Q,R,S,T have ranks1–5. P=4, R=1, Q≠5, S≠2, T≠3. I. If S=3 then T=2. II. If Q=3 then T=5. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Ranking
- Two five-segment rods carry matching colour positions labelled P1–P5 and Q1–Q5, with P1 matching Q3, P4 matching Q1 or Q2, and Q4 matching P3 or P5. If Q3 and Q5 are adjacent, are these possible? I. Q3 is in the middle. II. P2 is at an extreme.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Arrangement
- Seven persons A–G use cars X,Y,Z. A and two others use X; only E travels with G; C uses Z; B does not use Y; A and B are in different cars. Which are correct? I. Nobody travels alone. II. D is the only person with F. III. C is the only person with B.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Grouping
- Statements X,Y,Z,W obey: if X is false then Z is false; if Y is false then W is true; if W is true then X is false. I. If X is true, Y is true. II. If Z is true, Y need not be true. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Conditional logic
- P has a son and a daughter. S is T's mother and R's spouse. Q and R are P's children. How is Q related to S?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Blood relations
- Every red is blue; every blue is green; every green is yellow. P: every blue is yellow. Q: every red is green. R: every red is yellow. Which follow?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Syllogism
- Seven identical-looking cubes include one lighter cube; the other six have equal weight. Using a balance scale, what is the minimum worst-case number of weighings needed to identify the lighter cube?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Balance puzzle
- Facing east, a person walks4 km, turns right for3 km, turns left for2 km, then turns left for3 km. What are the straight-line distance from the start and final facing direction?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Directions
- If ZERO is coded as ADSN by alternately shifting letters +1,−1,+1,−1, how is STOP coded?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Coding-decoding
- S1: Environmental protection is an existential necessity because degradation affects climate. S2: Scientific consensus is incomplete on the extent of human contribution to climate change. S3: Environmental activism includes climate alarmism/extremism that climate-change deniers often focus on. Which relations are correct? 1. S3 is a counterpoint to S1. 2. S3 is unconnected to S1/S2. 3. S2 could help explain the dynamic in S3.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Statement relationships
- Consider: I. If A≤B>C E>F≥G=H, then B is always greater than E. II. If P>Q=R≥S=T≤U=V>W, then S is always less than V. Which statement(s) is/are correct?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Inequalities
- Let P=+, Q=−, R=× and S=÷. Which sequence of symbols inserted in 60 _ 15 _ 3 _ 20 _ 4 makes the result 20?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Coding arithmetic
- Find X and Y in the sequence: January, January, December, October, X, March, October, Y, September.2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Sequence pattern
- PQR and PPT are three-digit numbers and PS is a two-digit number; P,Q,R,S,T are distinct non-zero digits. If PQR−PS=PPT, Q=3 and T<6, how many possible ordered pairs (R,S) exist?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Digit puzzle
- Fill the five blanks in AB_CC_A_BCCC_BBC_C so that the resulting letter sequence follows the intended pattern.2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Letter series
- P is brother of Q and R. S is R's mother and T is P's father. Consider: I S and T are a couple; II Q is T's son; III T is Q's father; IV S is P's mother; V R is T's daughter; VI P is S's son. How many are definitely true?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Blood relations
- If NO is coded as 210, NOT as 4200 and NOTE as 21000, how is NOTES coded?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Coding-decoding
- If FRANCE is coded 654321 and GERMANY is coded 9158437, how is YEMEN coded?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Coding-decoding
- A five-digit number PQRST has all distinct digits and T≠0. P=3T, S=Q+4 and Q=R+3. How many such five-digit numbers are possible?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Digit constraints
- A phone is stolen and exactly one of P, Q and R is guilty. P says: 'I did not steal it; Q did.' Q says: 'R did not steal it; I did not.' R says: 'I did not steal it; I do not know who did.' With no rule about who is truthful, who stole it?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Truth and statements
- Teams P, Q and R each play one another once. A win gives 2 points, a draw 1 and a loss 0. Each team scores exactly one goal in the tournament. Final points are P=3, Q=2, R=1. Consider: I. P–Q was a 0–0 draw. II. R scored its goal against Q. Which are correct?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Tournament reasoning
- Seven places are linked by roads AB, AC, CD, DE, BF, EG and FG. A is 6 km south of B; A is 10 km west of C; D is 5 km east of E; C is 6 km north of D; F is 9 km west of B; F is 12 km north of G. What distance is covered travelling from D to F along the available roads?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Spatial reasoning
- In a code, 64 is written as 343 and 216 as 729. How is 512 written?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Coding pattern
- What is the smallest one-digit number with exactly four distinct factors? Statement I: 2 is one of its factors. Statement II: 3 is one of its factors. Which data-sufficiency option is correct?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Data sufficiency
- P,Q,R,S are distinct non-zero digits and PP × PQ = RRSS, with P≤3 and Q≤4. What is Q? Statement I: R=1. Statement II: S=2. Which data-sufficiency option is correct?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Data sufficiency
- How is Q related to P? Statement I: P has two sisters R and S. Statement II: R's father is the brother of Q. Which data-sufficiency option is correct?2025 · Prelims CSAT · Reasoning, Logical Reasoning · Blood relations
- No supporters of Party X who knew Z and supported his campaign strategy agreed to an alliance with Party Y, but some of them had friends in Party Y. Which statement must be true?2017 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Deductive Logic
- Given: some Party X supporters knew Z; some who knew Z and supported his strategy did not agree to alliance with Party Y; and some had friends in Party Y. Which statement among the following is not correct? 1. Some supporters of Party X knew Z. 2. Some supporters of Party X who opposed Z's strategy knew Z. 3. No supporters of Party X supported Z's campaign strategy.2017 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Deductive Logic
- Four tests—Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology—are conducted on four consecutive days. Physics is held before the test conducted after Biology. Chemistry is conducted after exactly two tests have been held. Which is the last test?2017 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Ordering
- Statement: A good voice is a natural gift, but one has to keep practising to improve and excel in music. Conclusions: I. Natural gifts need nurturing and care. II. Even if one's voice is not good, one can keep practising. Which is correct?2017 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Statement and Conclusion
- If A+B means A is the son of B and A−B means A is the wife of B, what does P+R−Q mean?2017 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Blood Relations
- A ate grapes and pineapple; B ate grapes and oranges; C ate oranges, pineapple and apple; D ate grapes, apple and pineapple. After taking fruits, B and C fell sick. In light of the above facts, it can be said that the cause of sickness was:2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Causal Reasoning
- Consider the following statements: 1. The rate of population growth is increasing in the country. 2. The death rate is declining faster in the country compared to birth rate. 3. The birth rate is declining faster in the country compared to death rate. 4. Rural-urban migration is taking place regularly in the country. Which one of the following conclusions may be true in light of the above facts?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Statement and Conclusion
- A person X was driving where all roads run either north-south or east-west, forming a grid with parallel roads 1 km apart. He started at an intersection, drove 3 km north, 3 km west and 4 km south. Which further route could bring him back to the starting point without repeating the same route?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Direction Sense
- Consider the statement: “We shall go either for a picnic or for trekking.” Which of the following, if true, would falsify this claim?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Propositional Logic
- There were 50 faculty members comprising 30 males and the rest females. No male faculty member knew music, but many female faculty members did. The Head invited six faculty members to a tea party by draw of lots. At the party it was discovered that no member knew music. The conclusion is that:2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Inference
- Five people A, B, C, D and E are seated around a round table with equally spaced chairs. (i) C is seated next to A. (ii) A is seated two seats from D. (iii) B is not seated next to A. On this basis, which of the following must be true? 1. D is seated next to B 2. E is seated next to A 3. D and C are separated by two seats.2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Seating Arrangement
- There are five persons in a group — P, Q, R, S and T. The group has one doctor, one lawyer and one artist. P and S are unmarried students. T is a man married to one of the group members. Q is the brother of P and is neither doctor nor artist. R is not doctor.\n\nWho is the doctor?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Logic Puzzle
- There are five persons in a group — P, Q, R, S and T. The group has one doctor, one lawyer and one artist. P and S are unmarried students. T is a man married to one of the group members. Q is the brother of P and is neither doctor nor artist. R is not doctor.\n\nWho is the artist?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Logic Puzzle
- There are five persons in a group — P, Q, R, S and T. The group has one doctor, one lawyer and one artist. P and S are unmarried students. T is a man married to one of the group members. Q is the brother of P and is neither doctor nor artist. R is not doctor.\n\nWho is the spouse of R?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Logic Puzzle
- There are five persons in a group — P, Q, R, S and T. The group has one doctor, one lawyer and one artist. P and S are unmarried students. T is a man married to one of the group members. Q is the brother of P and is neither doctor nor artist. R is not doctor.\n\nWho is the lawyer?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Logic Puzzle
- There are five persons in a group — P, Q, R, S and T. The group has one doctor, one lawyer and one artist. P and S are unmarried students. T is a man married to one of the group members. Q is the brother of P and is neither doctor nor artist. R is not doctor.\n\nWho of the following is definitely a man?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Logic Puzzle
- Four friends A, B, C and D must cross a bridge at night with one lamp. At most two can cross at a time; a pair moves at the slower person's speed. The lamp must be carried for crossings, and after the final return of the lamp to the original side, that person crosses again without it. Their crossing times are A:1 minute, B:2 minutes, C:7 minutes and D:10 minutes. What is the total minimum time required for all friends to cross?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Bridge Crossing
- Consider the statements: 1. Either A and B are of the same age or A is older than B. 2. Either C and D are of the same age or D is older than C. 3. B is older than C. Which conclusion can be drawn?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Inequality Logic
- Six boxes A, B, C, D, E and F are painted with six different colours—violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow and orange—and arranged from left to right. Each contains one ball from cricket, hockey, tennis, golf, football and volleyball. The golf ball is in the violet box and not in D. Box A contains the tennis ball, is orange and is at the extreme right. The hockey ball is neither in D nor E and is neither in the blue nor yellow box. Box C contains the cricket ball and is green. C is fifth from the right and next to B. B contains the volleyball. The box containing the hockey ball is between the boxes containing the golf ball and volleyball.\n\nWhich one of the following boxes contains the golf ball?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Arrangement Puzzle
- Six boxes A, B, C, D, E and F are painted with six different colours—violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow and orange—and arranged from left to right. Each contains one ball from cricket, hockey, tennis, golf, football and volleyball. The golf ball is in the violet box and not in D. Box A contains the tennis ball, is orange and is at the extreme right. The hockey ball is neither in D nor E and is neither in the blue nor yellow box. Box C contains the cricket ball and is green. C is fifth from the right and next to B. B contains the volleyball. The box containing the hockey ball is between the boxes containing the golf ball and volleyball.\n\nWhich of the following statements is/are correct?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Arrangement Puzzle
- Six boxes A, B, C, D, E and F are painted with six different colours—violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow and orange—and arranged from left to right. Each contains one ball from cricket, hockey, tennis, golf, football and volleyball. The golf ball is in the violet box and not in D. Box A contains the tennis ball, is orange and is at the extreme right. The hockey ball is neither in D nor E and is neither in the blue nor yellow box. Box C contains the cricket ball and is green. C is fifth from the right and next to B. B contains the volleyball. The box containing the hockey ball is between the boxes containing the golf ball and volleyball.\n\nThe football is in the box of which colour?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Arrangement Puzzle
- When three friends A, B and C met, each wore a different outer garment and a different colour. The garments were jacket, sweater and tie; the colours were blue, white and black. Their surnames were Kumar, Singh and Ribeiro. Neither B nor Ribeiro wore a white sweater. C wore a tie. Singh's garment was not white. Kumar did not wear a jacket. Ribeiro did not like to wear black. Each friend wore only one garment of one colour.\n\nWhat is C's surname?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Arrangement Puzzle
- When three friends A, B and C met, each wore a different outer garment and a different colour. The garments were jacket, sweater and tie; the colours were blue, white and black. Their surnames were Kumar, Singh and Ribeiro. Neither B nor Ribeiro wore a white sweater. C wore a tie. Singh's garment was not white. Kumar did not wear a jacket. Ribeiro did not like to wear black. Each friend wore only one garment of one colour.\n\nWhat is the colour of the tie?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Arrangement Puzzle
- When three friends A, B and C met, each wore a different outer garment and a different colour. The garments were jacket, sweater and tie; the colours were blue, white and black. Their surnames were Kumar, Singh and Ribeiro. Neither B nor Ribeiro wore a white sweater. C wore a tie. Singh's garment was not white. Kumar did not wear a jacket. Ribeiro did not like to wear black. Each friend wore only one garment of one colour.\n\nWho wore the sweater?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Arrangement Puzzle
- A military code writes SYSTEM as SYSMET and NEARER as AENRER. Using the same code, FRACTION can be written as:2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Coding-Decoding
- Four-digit numbers are to be formed using digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 without repetition. Further: 2 and 3 are not to immediately follow each other; 1 is not to be immediately followed by 3; 4 is not to appear last; and 1 is not to appear first. How many different numbers can be formed?2016 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Permutations with Restrictions
- Twelve people form a club. Each month one member is chosen by lot to host a dinner. How many dinners must a particular member host in one year?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Probability
- Figure-based sequence question: choose the figure that fits the question mark in the original 2015 Set-A paper.2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Figure sequence
- Figure-based question: four cardboard pieces are shown in the original paper. Which option can be formed by joining them?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Spatial assembly
- A,B,C,D form two married couples. Both women are shorter than their husbands; A is tallest; C is taller than B; D is B's brother. Which statement is NOT correct?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Family and ordering
- A man has a wife, two sons and two daughters. The daughters attend a feast; male family members go to a picnic; the man's father has not returned from work. Which statement is true?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Family inference
- Geeta says Naresh became a better boxer after meditation. Radha says this is impossible because aggression is a boxer's most important asset. What belief underlies Radha's statement?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Assumption
- All good athletes want to win; all athletes who want to win eat a balanced diet. What is the best conclusion?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Syllogism
- Given: lady's finger is tastier than cabbage; cauliflower is tastier than lady's finger; cabbage is not tastier than peas. What conclusion follows?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Ordering
- Shahid and Rohit start from the same point in opposite directions. After every 1 km Shahid turns left and Rohit turns right. Which statement is correct?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Direction sense
- Magazine X-only readers are three times all Y readers, while Y-only readers are three times all X readers. Consider: I. Both-magazine readers are twice X-only readers. II. Total readers of either/both are twice both-magazine readers. Which conclusion follows?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Set relationships
- A cube's six faces are colored V,I,B,G,Y,O. Given adjacent triples Y-O-B, I-G-Y, B-G-Y and O-V-B, which color is opposite O?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Cube faces
- Statements: Some men are great. Some men are wise. Conclusions: I. Men are either great or wise. II. Some men are neither great nor wise. Which is valid?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Syllogism
- Statements: some claim to have seen UFOs; life elsewhere is considered possible; space voyages are established. What can be concluded about UFOs?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Inference
- Usha runs faster than Kamala; Priti slower than Swati; Swati slower than Kamala. Who is slowest?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Ordering
- Six cousins A, B, C, D, E and F have distinct ages 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 and share the same birthday. E is oldest; F's age lies between B and D; A is older than B; C is older than D; and A is one year older than C. Which assignment is possible?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Age ordering
- Using the same six-cousin conditions, how many logically possible ascending age orders are there?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Age ordering
- Anil and David are men; Shabnam and Rekha are women. Two speak Tamil and the other two Marathi. One man and one woman drive. Shabnam speaks Marathi, Anil speaks Tamil, and Rekha and David drive. Which statement is true?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Attribute deduction
- Lines satisfy X perpendicular to Y, X parallel to Z; U perpendicular to V and U perpendicular to W; and X perpendicular to V. Which statement is true?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Lines and perpendicularity
- In a society everyone is either a fighter or a coward. Any two cowards are friends; a fighter and a coward are enemies; two fighters are indifferent. Given A and B are enemies, C and D are friends, E and F are indifferent, A and E are not enemies, and B and F are enemies, which statement is correct?2015 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning · Classification