CivilsIASPrep.comUPSC PYQs: International Relations
Review complete published questions grouped by subject: International Relations.
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Questions
- When two elephants fight, it is the grass that gets trampled.2026 · Essay · International Relations · Power, Conflict and the Vulnerable
- “IPMDA (Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness) bridges the gap between India's SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision and the Quad's collective Indo-Pacific strategy.” Make a critical assessment of the statement focusing on IPMDA.2026 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · IPMDA, SAGAR and Quad Maritime Strategy
- “BRICS acts as a powerful counterweight in global governance, actively amplifying the voice and influence of the Global South.” Explain the role of BRICS in projecting itself as an alternative to other groupings.2026 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · BRICS and Global South
- “India's global diaspora acts as a living bridge, as a critical economic factor and knowledge network in transforming cultural heritage into geopolitical influence and strategic leverage worldwide.” Critically examine this statement.2026 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Indian Diaspora and Strategic Influence
- “China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has transformed South Asia from a regional space into a theatre of great power competition.” Analyse the strategic implications of the BRI for India's security and regional influence in South Asia.2026 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · BRI and Great Power Competition in South Asia
- The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.2025 · Essay · International Relations · War and Diplomacy
- India-Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate.2025 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India-Africa Digital Partnership
- With the waning of globalization, post-Cold War world is becoming a site of sovereign nationalism. Elucidate.2025 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Sovereign Nationalism
- Energy security constitutes the dominant kingpin of India’s foreign policy, and is linked with India’s overarching influence in Middle Eastern countries. How would you integrate energy security with India’s foreign policy trajectories in the coming years?2025 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Energy Security and Middle East
- The reform process in the United Nations remains unresolved, because of the delicate imbalance of East and West and entanglement of the USA vs. Russo-Chinese alliance. Examine and critically evaluate the East-West policy confrontations in this regard.2025 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · United Nations Reform
- Explain with examples how the West is fostering India as an alternative to China in supply chains and geopolitics.2024 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India and China Supply Chains
- Critically analyse India’s evolving diplomatic, economic and strategic relations with Central Asian Republics.2024 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Central Asia
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the UNSC Counter-Terrorism Committee and associated bodies against global terrorism.2024 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · UN Counter-Terrorism Architecture
- Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India, including trade, energy flows and maritime security.2024 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Maldives and India
- The virus of conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO. Discuss India’s role in mitigating these problems.2023 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · SCO
- Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India.2023 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Indian Diaspora
- Evaluate the statement that NATO expansion and stronger US-Europe partnership work well for India.2023 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · NATO and India
- Discuss the role of the International Maritime Organisation in protecting the environment and enhancing maritime safety and security.2023 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · International Maritime Organisation
- How many news-region/reason pairs are correct: North Kivu & Ituri–Armenia/Azerbaijan war; Nagorno-Karabakh–Mozambique insurgency; Kherson & Zaporizhzhia–Israel/Lebanon dispute?2023 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Conflict Geography
- India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka. Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in light of this statement.2022 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India Sri Lanka
- Do you think BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realised by forming this new organisation?2022 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · BIMSTEC and SAARC
- How will I2U2 grouping transform India’s position in global politics?2022 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · I2U2
- Clean energy is the order of the day. Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics.2022 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Clean Energy Diplomacy
- India is a member of which among: (1) Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank; (2) Missile Technology Control Regime; (3) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · International Organizations & Regimes
- On Vietnam, which statements are correct: (1) it has been among the faster-growing economies; (2) it has a multiparty political system; (3) growth is linked to global supply chains and exports; (4) low labour costs/stable conditions attracted manufacturers; (5) it has the Indo-Pacific's most productive e-service sector?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Vietnam—Economy & Politics
- Regarding the UN Credentials Committee: (1) it is set up by and works under the Security Council; (2) it traditionally meets in March, June and September; (3) it examines member credentials and reports to the General Assembly. Which is correct?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · United Nations—Credentials Committee
- On UN General Assembly observer status: (1) non-member States may receive it; (2) intergovernmental organizations may seek it; (3) permanent observers may maintain missions at UN headquarters. Which are correct?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · UN General Assembly Observers
- Consider refugee settlements: (1) Bidibidi is in north-western Kenya; (2) it hosts people displaced by South Sudan's civil war; (3) Dadaab in Kenya hosts Somali refugees. Which is correct?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Refugee Settlements
- Which among Armenia, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Romania and Uzbekistan are members of the Organization of Turkic States?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Organization of Turkic States
- Under UNCLOS: (1) a coastal State may claim territorial sea up to 12 nautical miles; (2) ships of coastal and landlocked States enjoy innocent passage through territorial seas; (3) an EEZ may extend to 200 nautical miles from baselines. Which are correct?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · UNCLOS & Maritime Zones
- What dispute is associated with the Senkaku Islands?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · East China Sea—Senkaku/Diaoyu
- How many country-news pairs are correctly matched: Chad—Chinese permanent military base; Guinea—military suspension of constitution/government; Lebanon—severe prolonged economic depression; Tunisia—President suspended Parliament?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Countries in News
- How many region-country pairs are correct: Anatolia—Turkey; Amhara—Ethiopia; Cabo Delgado—Spain; Catalonia—Italy?2022 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Regions in News
- If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s. In the light of this statement, examine India’s influence in Africa in recent years.2021 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India Africa Relations
- The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union. Explain.2021 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · USA China Rivalry
- Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India?2021 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
- The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario.2021 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · AUKUS
- Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European countries. Comment with examples.2020 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Diaspora
- Quadrilateral Security Dialogue is transforming itself into a trade bloc from a military alliance, in present times. Discuss.2020 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · QUAD
- What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region.2020 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Indo-US Defence Relations
- Which international arrangement-topic pairs are correctly matched? (1) Alma-Ata Declaration—healthcare; (2) Hague Convention—biological and chemical weapons; (3) Talanoa Dialogue—global climate change; (4) Under2 Coalition—child rights.2020 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · International Agreements & Climate Initiatives
- Regarding India’s trade with neighbouring South Asian countries in the period before the 2020 exam, consider: (1) India–Sri Lanka trade value had increased consistently every year through the preceding decade; (2) textiles and textile articles were important in India–Bangladesh trade; (3) Nepal was India’s largest South Asian trading partner over the preceding five years. Which is correct?2020 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · India and Neighbourhood - Trade
- Which group consists entirely of G20 member countries?2020 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · G20 & Global Institutions
- The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole. Comment.2019 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India-Japan Relations
- Too little cash, too much politics, leave UNESCO fighting for life. Discuss the statement in the light of US withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being anti-Israel bias.2019 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · UNESCO
- The long sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalized nations has disappeared on account of its newfound role in the emerging global order. Elaborate.2019 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · The Long Sustained Image
- What introduces friction in the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India's national self-esteem and ambitions. Explain with suitable examples.2019 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India-US Relations
- India signed an “Action Plan for Prioritization and Implementation of Cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field” with which country?2019 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · India-Russia Nuclear Cooperation
- Evaluate these UN convention statements: (1) the migrant-smuggling protocol belongs to UNCAC; (2) UNCAC is the first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument; (3) asset-return provisions are a defining chapter of UNTOC; (4) UNODC assists States in implementing both UNCAC and UNTOC. Which are correct?2019 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · UN Conventions & UNODC
- India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back. Discuss.2018 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India Israel Relations
- The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger One Belt One Road initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate reasons why India has distanced itself from the same.2018 · Mains GS3 · International Relations · CPEC
- A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018.2018 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Central Asia
- What are the key areas of reform if the WTO has to survive in the present context of trade war, especially keeping in mind the interest of India?2018 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · WTO Reform
- In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to the situation?2018 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · US Iran Nuclear Pact
- Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world?2017 · Essay · International Relations · Non Alignment Movement
- Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulses because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by United Nations.2017 · Mains GS1 · International Relations · Pulses
- China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia. In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour.2017 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · China India Relations
- What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it.2017 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · ECOSOC
- The term Digital Single Market Strategy seen in the news refers to2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · European Union
- The question of India’s energy security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian countries.2017 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Energy Security
- Indian diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian diaspora in South-East Asia in this context.2017 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Indian Diaspora
- Consider the following statements: 1. Nuclear Security Summits are periodically held under the aegis of the United Nations. 2. International Panel on Fissile Materials is an organ of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Which is/are correct?2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Nuclear Security
- With reference to Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference on Housing and Urban Development (APMCHUD), consider: 1. The first APMCHUD was held in India in 2006 on the theme Emerging Urban Forms — Policy Responses and Governance Structure. 2. India hosts all annual ministerial conferences in partnership with ADB, APEC and ASEAN. Which is/are correct?2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Urban Development Cooperation
- The Global Infrastructure Facility is a/an2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Infrastructure Finance
- With reference to UN-Habitat, consider: 1. It is mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities and adequate shelter for all. 2. Its partners are governments or local urban authorities only. 3. It contributes to reducing poverty and promoting access to safe drinking water and sanitation.2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · UN-Habitat
- Consider the following in respect of Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS): 1. Inaugural IONS was held in India in 2015 under chairmanship of Indian Navy. 2. IONS is a voluntary initiative to increase maritime cooperation among navies of littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region. Which is/are correct?2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Maritime Cooperation
- Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) is seen in the context of negotiations between India and2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · India-EU Trade
- Consider: 1. India has ratified the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. 2. TFA is part of WTO's Bali Ministerial Package of 2013. 3. TFA came into force in January 2016. Which is/are correct?2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · WTO
- What is the importance of developing Chabahar Port by India?2017 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Chabahar Port
- The broader aims and objectives of WTO are to manage and promote international trade in the era of globalization. But the Doha round of negotiations seem doomed due to differences between developed and developing countries. Discuss in the Indian perspective.2016 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · WTO and Doha Round
- Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario.2016 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Look East Policy
- Consider the following pairs: Community sometimes mentioned in the news : In the affairs of — 1. Kurd : Bangladesh 2. Madhesi : Nepal 3. Rohingya : Myanmar. Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Communities in News
- Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC. Explain with suitable examples.2016 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · SAARC and Terrorism
- With reference to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), consider the following statements: 1. It is an organization of the European Union in working relation with NATO and WHO. 2. It monitors chemical industry to prevent new weapons from emerging. 3. It provides assistance and protection to States Parties against chemical weapons threats. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Chemical Weapons Convention
- What are the aims and objectives of the McBride Commission of the UNESCO? What is India’s position on these?2016 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · McBride Commission
- With reference to the Trans-Pacific Partnership, consider the following statements: 1. It is an agreement among all the Pacific Rim countries except China and Russia. 2. It is a strategic alliance for the purpose of maritime security only. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Regional Trade Agreements
- Consider the following statements: The India-Africa Summit 1. held in 2015 was the third such Summit 2. was actually initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1951. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · India-Africa Relations
- 'Doctors Without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres)', often in the news, is2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · International NGOs
- Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · BRICS and NDB
- Which of the following is not a member of Gulf Cooperation Council?2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · West Asia
- 'Belt and Road Initiative' is sometimes mentioned in the news in the context of the affairs of2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · China and BRI
- The term Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership often appears in the news in the context of the affairs of a group of countries known as2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Regional Trade Agreements
- Consider the following statements: 1. The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015. 2. The Alliance includes all the member countries of the United Nations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · International Solar Alliance
- 'European Stability Mechanism', sometimes seen in the news, is an2016 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · European Union Institutions
- The “Fortaleza Declaration”, recently in the news, is related to the affairs of2015 · Prelims GS1 · General Studies, International Relations · UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I, BRICS
- Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine.2015 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India-Africa Relations
- Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in UNSC.2015 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · UNSC Reform
- Project ‘Mausam’ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of Indian government to improve relationship with its neighbours. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss.2015 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Project Mausam
- Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India-Pakistan relations. To what extent could the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchange help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples.2015 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India-Pakistan Relations
- The terms “Agreement on Agriculture”, “Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures” and “Peace Clause” appear in the news frequently in the context of the affairs of the2015 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · WTO Agriculture
- The area known as “Golan Heights” sometimes appears in the news in the context of events related to2015 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Golan Heights
- Amnesty International is2015 · Prelims GS1 · General Studies, International Relations · UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I, Human Rights Organizations
- India is a member of which among the following? 1. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 2. Association of South-East Asian Nations 3. East Asia Summit2015 · Prelims GS1 · General Studies, International Relations · UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I, Regional Groupings
- In the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, which of the following is/are not a participant? 1. Bangladesh 2. Cambodia 3. China 4. Myanmar 5. Thailand2015 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Mekong-Ganga Cooperation
- With reference to Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC), consider: 1. It was established very recently in response to piracy and oil spills. 2. It is an alliance meant for maritime security only. Which is/are correct?2015 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · IORA
- “Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action”, often seen in the news, is2015 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Beijing Platform for Action
- Consider the following countries: 1. China 2. France 3. India 4. Israel 5. Pakistan. Which are Nuclear-Weapon States recognized by the NPT?2015 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · NPT
- With respect to the South China Sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and overflight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China.2014 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · South China Sea
- The aim of Information Technology Agreements is to lower all taxes and tariffs on information technology products by signatories to zero. What impact would such agreements have on India’s interests?2014 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Information Technology Agreement
- Some international funding agencies have special terms for economic participation stipulating that a substantial component of aid be used for sourcing equipment from leading countries. Discuss the merits of such terms and whether there is a strong case not to accept such conditions in the Indian context.2014 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Aid Conditions
- India has recently signed to become a founding member of New Development Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. How will the role of the two banks be different? Discuss the strategic significance of these two banks for India.2014 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · NDB and AIIB
- WTO is an important international institution where decisions affect countries in a profound manner. What is the mandate of WTO and how binding are its decisions? Critically analyse India’s stand on the latest round of talks on food security.2014 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · WTO and Food Security
- How does India see its place in the economic space of rising natural resource rich Africa?2014 · Mains GS1 · International Relations · Africa and Resources
- A series of uprisings referred to as the “Arab Spring” originally started from2014 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Arab Spring
- Consider the following countries: 1. Denmark 2. Japan 3. Russian Federation 4. United Kingdom 5. United States of America. Which are members of the Arctic Council?2014 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Arctic Council
- Consider the following pairs: 1. Chechnya — Russian Federation 2. Darfur — Mali 3. Swat Valley — Iraq. Which of the pairs is/are correctly matched?2014 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · Places in News
- With reference to BRICS, consider the following statements: 1. The first BRICS summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in 2009. 2. South Africa was the last to join the BRICS grouping. Which is/are correct?2014 · Prelims GS1 · International Relations · BRICS
- The proposed withdrawal of the International Security Assistance Force from Afghanistan in 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries of the region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and needs to safeguard its own strategic interests.2013 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Afghanistan and ISAF Withdrawal
- What do you understand by ‘The String of Pearls’? How does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this.2013 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · String of Pearls
- Economic ties between India and Japan, while growing in recent years, are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth.2013 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India-Japan Economic Ties
- The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India?2013 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Shahbag Protests
- Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of cause of concern to India?2013 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Maldives
- In respect of India-Sri Lanka relation, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy.2013 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · India-Sri Lanka Relations
- What is meant by Gujral doctrine? Does it have any relevance today? Discuss.2013 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Gujral Doctrine
- The World Bank and the IMF, collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions, are the two intergovernmental pillars supporting the structure of the world’s economic and financial order. Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common characteristics, yet their roles, functions and mandates are distinctly different. Elucidate.2013 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Bretton Woods Institutions