CivilsIASPrep.comUPSC PYQs: Environment & Ecology
Review complete published questions grouped by subject: Environment & Ecology.
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Questions
- Regarding India's climate response, consider: I. The Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy supports the net-zero 2070 pathway. II. BUR-4 reported roughly an 8% fall in GHG emissions in 2020 compared with 2019. III. Climate-resilient development necessarily requires rapid short-term completion of emission cuts. Which stated relationships are valid?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Climate policy
- Consider Western Hoolock Gibbons: 1. A protected area in Northeast India shelters this Endangered ape. 2. Their long arms are specialized for brachiation. 3. They are heavy-bodied like gorillas. Which statements are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Western Hoolock Gibbon
- Why are mangroves particularly valuable for climate resilience? Consider: 1. They store freshwater and are ideal for paddy in saline estuaries. 2. Their salt-sensitive roots turn coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones. 3. They absorb tidal/cyclonic energy while supporting coastal livelihoods. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Mangroves
- Regarding Amur Falcons stopping at Doyang in Nagaland: 1. Community conservation has helped protect these international migrants. 2. Human tracking devices guide the birds back to the site. 3. The species has become permanently resident in India. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Migratory birds
- Regarding Madhav National Park, consider: 1. It became a Tiger Reserve in 2025. 2. Ramsar-listed Sakhya Sagar lies within it. 3. Its territory is divided between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Protected areas
- Regarding Rhynchostylis retusa (Foxtail orchid): 1. It is epiphytic. 2. It is endemic only to Northeast India. 3. It is a State flower of both Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Foxtail orchid
- Which set correctly states FAO's 'Four Betters', also applied in the Blue Transformation framework?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Blue Transformation
- Which project was India's first REDD+ initiative to obtain Plan Vivo certification?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · REDD+
- Regarding the NIRANTAR platform under MoEFCC: 1. Ecosystem Survey and Analysis is led by Botanical Survey of India. 2. Research and Management of Ecosystem Services is led by Central Zoo Authority. 3. Capacity Development Support is led by Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · NIRANTAR
- Consider the following: I. Cigarette butts II. Eyeglass lenses III. Car tyres. How many of them contain plastic?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following substances: I. Ethanol II. Nitroglycerine III. Urea. Coal gasification technology can be used in the production of how many of them?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following statements: Statement I: Activated carbon is a good and an attractive tool to remove pollutants from effluent streams and to remediate contaminants from various industries. Statement II: Activated carbon exhibits a large surface area and a strong potential for adsorbing heavy metals. Statement III: Activated carbon can be easily synthesized from environmental wastes with high carbon content. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following statements: Statement I: Studies indicate that carbon dioxide emissions from cement industry account for more than 5% of global carbon emissions. Statement II: Silica-bearing clay is mixed with limestone while manufacturing cement. Statement III: Limestone is converted into lime during clinker production for cement manufacturing. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following statements: Statement I: At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference(COP28), India refrained from signing the'Declaration on Climate and Health'. Statement II: The COP 28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a binding declaration; and if signed, it becomes mandatory to decarbonize health sector. Statement III: If India's health sector is decarbonized, the resilience of its health-care system may be compromised. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following statements: Statement I: Scientific studies suggest that a shift is taking place in the Earth's rotation and axis. Statement II: Solar flares and associated coronal mass ejections bombarded the Earth's outermost atmosphere with tremendous amount of energy. Statement III: As the Earth's polar ice melts, the water tends to move towards the equator. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following statements: Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change. Statement II: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets. Statement III: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Which one of the following launched the 'Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific'?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- With reference to'Direct Air Capture', an emerging technology, which of the following statements is/are correct? I. It can be used as a way of carbon sequestration. II. It can be a valuable approach for plastic production and in food processing. III. In aviation, it can be a source of carbon for combining with hydrogen to create synthetic low-carbon fuel.2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Regarding Peacock tarantula(Gooty tarantula), consider the following statements: I. It is an omnivorous crustacean. II. Its natural habitat in India is only limited to some forest areas. III. In its natural habitat, it is an arboreal species. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following statements: I. Carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions in India are less than 0.5 t CO2/ capita. II. In terms of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in Asia-Pacific region. III. Electricity and heat producers are the largest source of CO2 emissions in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- With reference to the planet Earth, consider the following statements: I. Rain forests produce more oxygen than that produced by oceans. II. Marine phytoplankton and photo-synthetic bacteria produce about 50% of world's oxygen. III. Well-oxygenated surface water contains several folds higher oxygen than that in atmospheric air. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following statements: Statement I: Circular economy reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases. Statement II: Circular economy reduces the use of raw materials as inputs. Statement III: Circular economy reduces wastage in the production process. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Artificial way of causing rainfall to reduce air pollution makes use of2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Which organization has enacted the Nature Restoration Law(NRL) to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- Consider the following statements: Statement I: Of the two major ethanol producers in the world, i.e., Brazil and the United States of America, the former produces more ethanol than the latter. Statement II: Unlike in the United States of America where corn is the principal feedstock for ethanol production, sugarcane is the principal feedstock for ethanol production in Brazil. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- The World Bank warned that India could become one of the first places where wet-bulb temperatures routinely exceed 35°C. Which of the following statements best reflect(s) the implication of the above-said report? I. Peninsular India will most likely suffer from flooding, tropical cyclones and droughts. II. The survival of animals including humans will be affected as shedding of their body heat through perspiration becomes difficult.2025 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment & Ecology
- According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which one of the following is the largest source of sulphur dioxide emissions?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Current Affairs (Environment)
- Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The European Parliament approved The Net-Zero Industry Act recently. Statement-II: The European Union intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and therefore aims to develop all of its own clean technology by that time.2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Current Affairs (Environment)
- The organisms "Cicada, Froghopper and Pond skater" are:2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Many chewing gums found in the market are considered a source of environmental pollution. Statement-II: Many chewing gums contain plastic as gum base.2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Consider the following pairs: Country: Animal found in its natural habitat. 1. Brazil: Indri 2. Indonesia: Elk 3. Madagascar: Bonobo. How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Consider the following statements: 1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season. 2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not roar. 3. Unlike male lions, male leopards do not proclaim their territory by scent marking.2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Which one of the following is the correct description of "100 Million Farmers"?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Current Affairs (Environment)
- Consider the following: 1. Battery storage 2. Biomass generators 3. Fuel cells 4. Rooftop solar photovoltaic units. How many of the above are considered "Distributed Energy Resources"?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Which one of the following shows a unique relationship with an insect that has coevolved with it and that is the only insect that can pollinate this tree?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Consider the following: 1. Butterflies 2. Fish 3. Frogs. How many of the above have poisonous species among them?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Consider the following: 1. Cashew 2. Papaya 3. Red sanders. How many of the above trees are actually native to India?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- One of the following regions has the world’s largest tropical peatland, which holds about three years worth of global carbon emissions from fossil fuels; and the possible destruction of which can exert detrimental effect on the global climate. Which one of the following denotes that region?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer product, consider the following statements: 1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging material. 2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment. 3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies.2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Consider the following: 1. Carabid beetles 2. Centipedes 3. Flies 4. Termites 5. Wasps. Parasitoid species are found how many of the above kind of organisms?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Consider the following plants: 1. Groundnut 2. Horse-gram 3. Soybean. How many of the above belong to the pea family?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The Indian Flying Fox is placed under the “vermin” category in the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. Statement-II: The Indian Flying Fox feeds on the blood of other animals.2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Current Affairs (Environment)
- Consider the following materials: 1. Agricultural residues 2. Corn grain 3. Wastewater treatment sludge 4. Wood mill waste. Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Which one of the following is the exhaust pipe emission from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, powered by hydrogen?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environment
- Recently, the term "pumped-storage hydropower" is actually and appropriately discussed in the context of which one of the following?2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Current Affairs (Environment)
- "Membrane Bioreactors" are often discussed in the context of:2024 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Current Affairs (Environment)
- Among jackfruit, mahua and teak, how many are deciduous trees?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Botany
- Statement I: Marsupials are not naturally found in India. Statement II: Marsupials can thrive only in predator-free montane grasslands. Choose correctly.2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biodiversity
- The Invasive Species Specialist Group, which maintains the Global Invasive Species Database, belongs to which organisation?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Invasive Species
- Among lion-tailed macaque, Malabar civet and sambar deer, how many are generally nocturnal/most active after sunset according to the final UPSC key?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Animal Behaviour
- Which organism uses a waggle dance to communicate direction and distance to food?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Animal Behaviour
- How many are true of mushrooms: medicinal, psychoactive, insecticidal and bioluminescent properties occur in some species?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Fungi
- How many statements about Indian squirrels are correct: ground burrow nests; bury/store nuts and seeds; omnivory?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Animal Ecology
- How many statements about extremophile microorganisms are correct: growth above water’s boiling point, below freezing point, and at pH below 3?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Extremophiles
- Which animal is known to make a stick tool to scrape insects from holes in wood?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Animal Intelligence
- Hydrofluorocarbons are used in making how many of these: aerosols, foam agents, fire retardants and lubricants?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Greenhouse Gases
- Statement I: carbon markets are likely to be widely used against climate change. Statement II: carbon markets transfer resources from private sector to the State. Choose correctly.2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Carbon Markets
- After an area is notified as a Community Reserve, how many are correct: Chief Wildlife Warden governs it; hunting is barred; locals may collect NTFP; traditional agriculture is allowed?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Community Reserves
- Regarding mercury pollution, how many are correct: gold mining is a source; coal thermal plants are a source; there is no known safe level of exposure?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Pollution
- How many are correct about Indian coal thermal plants: none use seawater; none are in water-stressed districts; none are privately owned?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Thermal Power
- How many are discussed as carbon-capture/sequestration approaches: spreading ground basalt on farmland; adding lime to increase ocean alkalinity; mineralising captured industrial CO2 in underground formations?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Carbon Removal
- Statement I: India withdraws more than one-quarter of global groundwater extraction annually. Statement II: this level is necessary mainly to meet drinking-water and sanitation needs of India’s ~18% share of world population. Choose correctly.2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Groundwater
- Biodiversity Management Committee statements: BMCs are important to Nagoya Protocol objectives; they have access-and-benefit-sharing functions including local collection fees. Which is correct?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biodiversity Governance
- Green hydrogen is expected to help decarbonise how many of these heavy industries: fertilizer plants, oil refineries and steel plants?2023 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Green Hydrogen
- Among cotton, rice, sugarcane and wheat, which crop is a particularly important human-caused source of both methane and nitrous oxide?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Agricultural Greenhouse Gases
- Climate Action Tracker, which evaluates countries' emissions pledges, is best described as what?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Climate Governance
- Regarding The Climate Group and EP100: (1) The Climate Group is an international nonprofit mobilizing networks for climate action; (2) IEA jointly launched EP100 with it; (3) EP100 brings together companies committed to energy productivity/efficiency; (4) Indian companies participate; (5) IEA is secretariat of Under2 Coalition. Which are correct?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Climate Initiatives—EP100
- Wetlands are sometimes called the Earth's 'kidneys'. Which function best explains that analogy?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Wetland Ecosystem Services
- Under WHO air-quality guidance, consider: (1) PM2.5 24-hour mean should stay within 15 μg/m³ and annual mean within 5 μg/m³; (2) highest ozone occurs during inclement weather; (3) PM10 readily crosses into bloodstream; (4) excessive ozone can trigger asthma. Which are correct?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Air Pollution & WHO Guidelines
- Regarding 'Gucchi': (1) it is a fungus; (2) it grows in some Himalayan forests; (3) it is commercially cultivated in the Himalayan foothills of northeast India. Which is correct?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Fungi—Morels
- Which one of the following is not a bird?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Species Identification
- Which of these are nitrogen-fixing plants: (1) alfalfa; (2) amaranth; (3) chickpea; (4) clover; (5) purslane; (6) spinach?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biological Nitrogen Fixation
- Biorock technology is most directly used for which environmental purpose?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Coral Reef Restoration
- The Miyawaki method is known for what?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Urban Afforestation
- Which body was constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environmental Institutions—CGWA
- What is the Polar Code?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · IMO Polar Code
- What is 'greenwashing'?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Greenwashing
- Regarding Indian wildlife law: (1) wild animals covered by the statute may vest in the Government; (2) a protected species receives legal protection whether inside or outside a protected area; (3) mere apprehension that a protected animal may become dangerous is enough for killing/capture. Which is correct?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Wildlife Protection Act
- Certain species of which organism are famous for deliberately cultivating fungi?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Animal-Fungus Mutualism
- Excess of which pollutants contributes directly to acid rain: (1) carbon monoxide; (2) nitrogen oxides; (3) ozone; (4) sulphur dioxide?2022 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Acid Rain
- The 'R2 Code of Practices' is primarily associated with promoting which activity?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · E-waste Management
- Why are copper-smelting plants an environmental concern? (1) they may release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide; (2) slag can leach heavy metals; (3) smelting can emit sulphur dioxide. Which are correct?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Industrial Pollution
- About furnace oil, consider: (1) it is produced in oil refineries; (2) industries may use it for power or heat generation; (3) burning it can emit sulphur compounds. Which statements are correct?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Air Pollution & Fuels
- What is meant by 'blue carbon'?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Blue Carbon
- Which organisms are most likely to survive on a surface without developed soil: (1) fern; (2) lichen; (3) moss; (4) mushroom?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecological Succession
- Which of these grasses is commonly used to prepare a natural mosquito repellent?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Plant-based Repellents
- Which among these marine organisms function as primary producers: (1) copepods; (2) cyanobacteria; (3) diatoms; (4) foraminifera?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Marine Food Webs
- Which of these animals can roll up to shield vulnerable body parts from predators: (1) hedgehog; (2) marmot; (3) pangolin?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Animal Adaptations
- Regarding the New York Declaration on Forests, consider: (1) it was endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit; (2) it proposed a global timeline to halt forest loss; (3) it is legally binding; (4) governments, companies and indigenous groups have endorsed it; (5) India was an original signatory. Which are correct?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Forest Governance
- Environmental magnetite particles linked with possible neurodegenerative harm may arise from: (1) motor-vehicle brakes; (2) vehicle engines; (3) microwave ovens; (4) power plants; (5) telephone lines. Which combination is correct?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Particulate Pollution
- Which of the following is a filter-feeding organism?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Aquatic Ecology
- In which biogeochemical cycle is rock weathering the principal natural route by which the nutrient enters biological circulation?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biogeochemical Cycles
- Identify the detritivores among: (1) earthworms; (2) jellyfish; (3) millipedes; (4) seahorses; (5) woodlice.2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Detritivores & Decomposition
- UNEP-supported 'Common Carbon Metric' was developed mainly for what purpose?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Buildings & Carbon Accounting
- Which groups include species capable of symbiotic relationships with other organisms: (1) cnidarians; (2) fungi; (3) protozoa?2021 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Symbiosis
- Which are recognised sources or exposure routes for benzene pollution? (1) automobile exhaust; (2) tobacco smoke; (3) wood burning; (4) varnished wooden furniture; (5) polyurethane products.2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Air Pollution & Toxic Chemicals
- About Desert National Park, consider: (1) it extends across more than one district in Rajasthan; (2) there is no human habitation within its landscape; (3) it contains important natural habitat of the Great Indian Bustard. Which are correct?2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Protected Areas & Great Indian Bustard
- Which Tiger Reserve has the largest area notified as critical tiger habitat among the options?2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Tiger Reserves & Critical Tiger Habitat
- If a plant species was listed in Schedule VI of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 under the framework applicable to the 2020 exam, what did that imply?2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Wildlife Protection Act - Protected Plants
- Under India’s National Policy on Biofuels, which listed materials can serve as feedstock for biofuel production? 1 cassava, 2 damaged wheat grains, 3 groundnut seed, 4 horse gram, 5 rotten potatoes, 6 sugar beet.2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biofuels & Energy Policy
- What does the term “social cost of carbon” most closely mean?2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Climate Economics - Social Cost of Carbon
- Regarding Asian/Indian elephants, consider: (1) a herd is normally led by a female; (2) gestation can extend to about 22 months; (3) females normally stop calving at exactly forty years; (4) Kerala has India’s largest wild-elephant population. Which are correct?2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Asian Elephant - Behaviour & Distribution
- Which protected areas lie within the Cauvery river basin? (1) Nagarhole National Park; (2) Papikonda National Park; (3) Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve; (4) Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Protected Areas & River Basins
- Ceylon Frogmouth, Coppersmith Barbet, Grey-chinned Minivet and White-throated Redstart are all what kind of animals?2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Birds & Biodiversity
- Which protected area is especially known for conserving the hard-ground subspecies/population of barasingha (swamp deer) that feeds predominantly on grasses?2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Species Conservation - Barasingha
- Steel slag can be beneficially used for which purposes? (1) road-base construction; (2) improving certain agricultural soils; (3) cement production.2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Industrial Waste Utilisation
- Where are Himalayan musk deer most likely to occur naturally among these protected areas? (1) Askot Wildlife Sanctuary; (2) Gangotri National Park; (3) Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary; (4) Manas National Park.2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Musk Deer & Himalayan Wildlife
- Which materials/technologies are preferred in rural-road construction to improve environmental sustainability or reduce carbon footprint? (1) copper slag; (2) cold-mix asphalt; (3) geotextiles; (4) hot-mix asphalt; (5) Portland cement.2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Green Roads & Sustainable Infrastructure
- Regarding coal combustion, consider: (1) coal ash can contain arsenic, lead and mercury; (2) coal-fired power plants emit sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides; (3) Indian coal commonly has relatively high ash content. Which are correct?2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Coal Pollution & Fly Ash
- What are recognised farming uses/benefits of biochar? (1) it can form part of a growing medium in vertical farming; (2) it can promote habitat/activity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms; (3) it can increase water retention in the growing medium.2020 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biochar & Soil Health
- In Indian environmental regulation, the concept of Extended Producer Responsibility first became a prominent feature of which listed rule set?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Pollution & Waste Management
- Regarding the Compensatory Afforestation Fund framework, consider: (1) CAMPA-type authorities exist at both national and State levels; (2) the Act makes public participation compulsory in every compensatory-afforestation programme. Which is correct?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Forest Conservation & CAMPA
- Consider bamboo-related forest law: (1) the 2017 amendment to the Indian Forest Act gives forest dwellers a general right to fell bamboo in forest areas; (2) the Forest Rights Act treats bamboo as minor forest produce; (3) the Forest Rights Act recognises ownership rights over minor forest produce for eligible forest dwellers. Which are correct?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Forest Rights & Bamboo
- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 empowers the Union Government to: (1) prescribe a statutory public-participation requirement and procedure for environmental protection; (2) set standards for emission or discharge of pollutants from different sources. Which is correct?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environmental Legislation
- Which statement correctly describes the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Solid Waste Management
- Consider natural distribution: (1) wild Asiatic lions are naturally found only in India today; (2) double-humped Bactrian camels are naturally found only in India; (3) greater one-horned rhinoceroses are naturally found only in India. Which is correct?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Species Distribution
- Cirrus-cloud thinning and injecting sulphate aerosols into the stratosphere have been proposed by some scientists primarily for what purpose?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Climate Engineering
- The terms pyrolysis and plasma gasification are most commonly used in which context?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Waste-to-Energy
- Which protected-area combination lies within the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biosphere Reserves & Protected Areas
- Which biological statements are true? (1) some turtles are herbivorous; (2) some fishes are herbivorous; (3) some marine mammals are herbivorous; (4) some snakes are viviparous.2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Animal Ecology & Adaptations
- Which wildlife-location pairs are correctly matched? (1) blue-finned mahseer—Cauvery River; (2) Irrawaddy dolphin—Chambal River; (3) rusty-spotted cat—Eastern Ghats.2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Wildlife Distribution
- Why are plastic microbeads released into the environment considered a serious concern?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Plastic Pollution & Microplastics
- Which National Park lies wholly within a temperate-alpine environment?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · National Parks & Biomes
- Which statements about reactive nitrogen emissions are correct? (1) agricultural soils release nitrogen oxides; (2) cattle release ammonia; (3) poultry production releases reactive nitrogen compounds.2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Nitrogen Cycle & Pollution
- Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) has attracted attention as a sustainable source of what product?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Sustainable Natural Fibres
- Arrange these States in ascending order of forest cover as a percentage of their geographical area: 1 Chhattisgarh, 2 Madhya Pradesh, 3 Maharashtra, 4 Odisha.2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Forest Cover & ISFR
- Which statements about methane hydrates are correct? (1) warming can destabilise some deposits and release methane; (2) large deposits occur beneath seafloors and in Arctic/permafrost environments; (3) atmospheric methane is oxidised over roughly a decade-scale period, ultimately forming carbon dioxide and water.2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Methane Hydrates & Climate Change
- Burning crop or other biomass residue can contribute to atmospheric presence of which pollutants/compounds? (1) carbon monoxide; (2) methane; (3) ozone; (4) sulphur dioxide.2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biomass Burning & Air Pollution
- Carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate and triazophos are chemicals primarily used for what purpose?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Pesticides & Chemical Pollution
- Regarding wetlands, consider: (1) Ramsar membership legally requires India to protect every wetland within its territory; (2) India’s Wetlands Rules, 2010 were simply framed on Ramsar recommendations; (3) under those Rules, the defined wetland area could include its drainage or catchment zone as determined by the authority. Which is correct?2019 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Wetlands & Ramsar Convention
- Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in desert areas to inhibit water loss? 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)? 1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government. 2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- Which of the following has/have shrunk immensely/dried up in the recent past due to human activities? 1. Aral Sea 2. Black Sea 3. Lake Baikal. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- With reference to the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. GACSA is an outcome of the Climate Summit held in Paris in 2015. 2. Membership of GACSA does not create any binding obligations. 3. India was instrumental in the creation of GACSA. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- With reference to the circumstances in Indian agriculture, the concept "Conservation Agriculture" assumes significance. Which of the following fall under Conservation Agriculture? 1. Avoiding monoculture practices 2. Adopting minimum tillage 3. Avoiding cultivation of plantation crops 4. Using crop residues to cover soil surface 5. Adopting spatial and temporal crop sequencing/crop rotations. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- The term "sixth mass extinction/sixth extinction" is often mentioned in the news in the context of discussion of:2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- Which of the following statements best describes "carbon fertilization"?2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- Which of the following is/are the possible consequence/s of heavy sand mining in riverbeds? 1. Decreased salinity in the river 2. Pollution of groundwater 3. Lowering of the water-table. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- With reference to agricultural soils, consider the following statements: 1. A high content of organic matter in soil drastically reduces its water-holding capacity. 2. Soil does not play any role in the sulphur cycle. 3. Irrigation over a period of time can contribute to the salinization of some agricultural lands. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at:2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in news?2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- Consider the following statements: 1. Most of the world's coral reefs are in tropical waters. 2. More than one-third of the world's coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines. 3. Coral reefs host far more number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- "Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Now" is an initiative launched by:2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- In which one of the following States is Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary located?2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- Consider the following: 1. Birds 2. Dust blowing 3. Rain 4. Wind blowing. Which of the above spread plant diseases?2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- With reference to organic farming in India, consider the following statements: 1. The National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) is operated under the guidelines and directions of the Union Ministry of Rural Development. 2. The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) functions as the Secretariat for implementation of NPOP. 3. Sikkim has become India's first fully organic State. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2018 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecology, Agriculture & Climate
- The term Intended Nationally Determined Contributions is sometimes seen in the news in the context of2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Climate Change and UNFCCC
- What is/are the importance/importances of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification? 1. It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive international partnerships. 2. It has a special focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat facilitates the allocation of a major portion of financial resources to these regions. 3. It is committed to a bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating desertification. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · UNCCD and Desertification
- In which of the following regions of India are you most likely to come across the Great Indian Hornbill in its natural habitat?2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Species and Habitats
- Which of the following are the key features of National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)? 1. River basin is the unit of planning and management. 2. It spearheads the river conservation efforts at the national level. 3. One of the Chief Ministers of the States through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on rotation basis. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ganga Conservation
- The FAO accords the status of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) to traditional agricultural systems. What is the overall goal of this initiative? 1. To provide modern technology, training in modern farming methods and financial support to local communities of identified GIAHS so as to greatly enhance agricultural productivity. 2. To identify and safeguard eco-friendly traditional farm practices and their associated landscapes, agricultural biodiversity and knowledge systems of local communities. 3. To provide Geographical Indication status to all varieties of agricultural produce in such identified GIAHS. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Agricultural Heritage
- Consider the following pairs: Terms sometimes seen in the news : Their origin — 1. Annex-I Countries : Cartagena Protocol 2. Certified Emissions Reductions : Nagoya Protocol 3. Clean Development Mechanism : Kyoto Protocol. Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · International Climate Agreements
- Which of the following best describes/describes the aim of Green India Mission of the Government of India? 1. Incorporating environmental benefits and costs into the Union and State Budgets thereby implementing green accounting. 2. Launching the second green revolution to enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food security. 3. Restoring and enhancing forest cover and responding to climate change by a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Green India Mission
- What is/are unique about Kharai camel, a breed found in India? 1. It is capable of swimming up to three kilometres in seawater. 2. It survives by grazing on mangroves. 3. It lives in the wild and cannot be domesticated. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Animal Breeds and Adaptation
- Recently, our scientists discovered a new and distinct species of banana plant which attains a height of about 11 metres and has orange-coloured fruit pulp. In which part of India was it discovered?2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biodiversity in News
- With reference to an initiative called The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum. 2. It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity. 3. It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and biodiversity. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecosystem Valuation
- With reference to Red Sanders, sometimes seen in the news, consider the following statements: 1. It is a tree species found in a part of South India. 2. It is one of the most important trees in the tropical rain forest areas of South India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Endemic Species
- Which of the following statements is/are correct? Proper design and effective implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can significantly contribute to 1. protection of biodiversity 2. resilience of forest ecosystems 3. poverty reduction. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · REDD+
- What is Greenhouse Gas Protocol?2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · GHG Accounting
- With reference to Agenda 21, sometimes seen in the news, consider the following statements: 1. It is a global action plan for sustainable development. 2. It originated in the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Sustainable Development
- 'Gadgil Committee Report' and 'Kasturirangan Committee Report', sometimes seen in the news, are related to2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Western Ghats Conservation
- On which of the following can you find the Bureau of Energy Efficiency Star Label? 1. Ceiling fans 2. Electric geysers 3. Tubular fluorescent lamps. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Energy Efficiency
- In the cities of our country, which among the following atmospheric gases are normally considered in calculating the value of Air Quality Index? 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Carbon monoxide 3. Nitrogen dioxide 4. Sulfur dioxide 5. Methane. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Air Quality Index
- Recently, for the first time in our country, which of the following States declared a particular butterfly as State Butterfly?2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · State Symbols and Biodiversity
- With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The Agreement was signed by all UN member countries and would go into effect in 2017. 2. The Agreement aims to limit greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2°C or preferably 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. 3. Developed countries acknowledged historical responsibility and committed to donate $1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries cope with climate change. Select the correct answer using the code given below.2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Paris Agreement
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the Club of Rome. 2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2016 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Sustainable Development Goals
- Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Protected Areas
- With reference to IUCN and CITES, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and CITES is an international agreement between governments. 2. IUCN runs field projects around the world to better manage natural environments. 3. CITES is legally binding on States that join it but does not replace national laws.2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · IUCN and CITES
- With reference to fly ash produced by coal-fired power plants, which statements are correct? 1. It can be used in bricks. 2. It can replace some Portland cement content in concrete. 3. It consists only of silicon dioxide and calcium oxide and contains no toxic elements.2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Fly Ash
- With reference to dugong, a mammal found in India, which statements are correct? 1. It is a herbivorous marine animal. 2. It is found along the entire coast of India. 3. It is given legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Dugong
- Which one of the following is the national aquatic animal of India?2015 · Prelims GS1 · General Studies, Environment & Ecology · UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I, Gangetic Dolphin
- Which one of the following regions of India has a combination of mangrove forest, evergreen forest and deciduous forest?2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Forest Types
- Which one of the following is associated with control and phasing out of ozone-depleting substances?2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Montreal Protocol
- What is Rio+20 Conference, often mentioned in the news?2015 · Prelims GS1 · General Studies, Environment & Ecology · UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I, Rio+20
- Which of the statements regarding Green Climate Fund is/are correct? 1. It is intended to assist developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change. 2. It was founded under the aegis of UNEP, OECD, Asian Development Bank and World Bank.2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Green Climate Fund
- Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic?2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Namdapha National Park
- “BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes” is managed by the2015 · Prelims GS1 · General Studies, Environment & Ecology · UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I, BioCarbon Fund
- In a particular region in India, local people train roots of living trees into robust bridges across streams. These unique living root bridges are found in2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Living Root Bridges
- With reference to Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, which statements are correct? 1. It is a global partnership of governments, businesses, civil society and indigenous peoples. 2. It provides financial aid for scientific forestry research to develop climate-adaptation technologies. 3. It assists countries in REDD+ efforts through financial and technical assistance.2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · REDD+ and FCPF
- With reference to BirdLife International, which statements are correct? 1. It is a global partnership of conservation organizations. 2. The concept of biodiversity hotspots originated from this organization. 3. It identifies sites known as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas.2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · BirdLife International
- In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species?2015 · Prelims GS1 · General Studies, Environment & Ecology · UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I, Forest Types
- Which one of the following is the best description of the term ecosystem?2015 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecosystem
- With reference to Eco-Sensitive Zones, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are areas declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 2. Their purpose is to prohibit all kinds of human activities except agriculture.2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Eco-Sensitive Zones
- Consider the following statements: 1. Animal Welfare Board of India is established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 2. National Tiger Conservation Authority is a statutory body. 3. National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired by the Prime Minister. Which are correct?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environmental Institutions
- Which of the following have coral reefs? 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2. Gulf of Kachchh 3. Gulf of Mannar 4. Sunderbans2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Coral Reefs
- Consider the following pairs: 1. Harike Wetlands — Confluence of Beas and Sutlej 2. Keoladeo Ghana National Park — Confluence of Banas and Chambal 3. Kolleru Lake — Confluence of Musi and Krishna. Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Wetlands
- The most important strategy for conservation of biodiversity together with traditional human life is the establishment of2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biosphere Reserves
- If global temperature increases beyond 3°C above the pre-industrial level, what can be its possible impact/impacts? 1. Terrestrial biosphere tends toward a net carbon source. 2. Widespread coral mortality will occur. 3. All global wetlands will permanently disappear. 4. Cultivation of cereals will not be possible anywhere in the world.2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Climate Change Impacts
- What are the benefits of implementing the Integrated Watershed Development Programme? 1. Prevention of soil runoff 2. Linking perennial rivers with seasonal rivers 3. Rainwater harvesting and recharge of groundwater table 4. Regeneration of natural vegetation2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Watershed Development
- Lichens, capable of initiating ecological succession even on bare rock, are a symbiotic association of2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Lichens and Succession
- Which of the following are important pollutants released by the steel industry in India? 1. Oxides of sulphur 2. Oxides of nitrogen 3. Carbon monoxide 4. Carbon dioxide2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Industrial Pollution
- Every year, a month-long ecologically important campaign/festival is held during which certain communities/tribes plant saplings of fruit-bearing trees. Which are such communities/tribes?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Community Conservation
- Consider the following international agreements: 1. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 2. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 3. World Heritage Convention. Which of the above has/have a bearing on biodiversity?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Environmental Conventions
- Consider the following statements regarding Earth Hour: 1. It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO. 2. Participants switch off lights for one hour on a certain day every year. 3. It raises awareness about climate change and the need to save the planet. Which are correct?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Earth Hour
- Which one of the following is the correct sequence of a food chain?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Food Chain
- If a wetland of international importance is brought under the Montreux Record, what does it imply?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ramsar Montreux Record
- Consider the following pairs: 1. Drought-Prone Area Programme — Ministry of Agriculture 2. Desert Development Programme — Ministry of Environment and Forests 3. National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas — Ministry of Rural Development. Which is/are correctly matched?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Watershed Programmes
- With reference to Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), consider the following statements: 1. It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests. 2. It strives to conserve nature through action-based research, education and public awareness. 3. It organizes and conducts nature trails and camps for the general public. Which is/are correct?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · BNHS
- With reference to Global Environment Facility, which statement is correct?2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Global Environment Facility
- With reference to Wetlands International, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is an intergovernmental organization formed by Ramsar Convention signatories. 2. It works at field level to develop and mobilize knowledge and uses practical experience to advocate better policies.2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Wetlands International
- Other than poaching, what are possible reasons for decline of Ganges River Dolphins? 1. Construction of dams and barrages 2. Increase in crocodile population 3. Accidental entanglement in fishing nets 4. Agricultural chemicals entering rivers2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ganges River Dolphin
- Brominated flame retardants are used in many household products. Why is there concern about their use? 1. They are highly resistant to degradation in the environment. 2. They can accumulate in humans and animals.2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Persistent Organic Pollutants
- Which of the following adds/add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on Earth? 1. Volcanic action 2. Respiration 3. Photosynthesis 4. Decay of organic matter2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Carbon Cycle
- If you walk through the countryside, you may see birds stalking alongside cattle to seize insects disturbed by their movement through grasses. Which of the following is/are such bird/birds? 1. Painted Stork 2. Common Myna 3. Black-necked Crane2014 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Bird Behaviour
- Consider the following: 1. Star tortoise 2. Monitor lizard 3. Pygmy hog 4. Spider monkey. Which of the above are naturally found in India?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Indian Fauna, Indian Wildlife
- Which of the following can be found as pollutants in the drinking water in some parts of India? 1. Arsenic 2. Sorbitol 3. Fluoride 4. Formaldehyde 5. Uranium. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Water Pollution, Drinking Water Pollution
- Consider the following animals: 1. Sea cow 2. Sea horse 3. Sea lion. Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Marine Fauna, Animal Classification
- Consider the following pairs: 1. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve : Garo Hills 2. Loktak Lake : Barail Range 3. Namdapha National Park : Dafla Hills. Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology, Geography · Protected Areas, North-East India Geography
- In the grasslands, trees do not replace the grasses as a part of an ecological succession because of2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecological Succession, Grassland Ecology
- Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecosystem Productivity
- Due to improper or indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste? 1. Beryllium 2. Cadmium 3. Chromium 4. Heptachlor 5. Mercury 6. Lead 7. Plutonium2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · E-waste
- Due to improper/indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste? 1. Beryllium 2. Cadmium 3. Chromium 4. Heptachlor 5. Mercury 6. Lead 7. Plutonium. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · E-waste Pollution
- Acid rain is caused by pollution of the environment by2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Acid Rain
- Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Acid Rain
- With reference to food chains in ecosystems, consider the following statements: 1. A food chain illustrates the order in which a chain of organisms feed upon each other. 2. Food chains are found within the populations of a species. 3. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each organism which are eaten by others. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Food Chain, Food Chains
- Consider the following pairs: 1. Corbett National Park : Ganga 2. Kaziranga National Park : Manas 3. Silent Valley National Park : Kaveri. Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · National Parks and Rivers
- Consider the following pairs: National Park : River flowing through the Park. 1. Corbett National Park : Ganga 2. Kaziranga National Park : Manas 3. Silent Valley National Park : Kaveri. Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · National Parks and Rivers
- Consider the following organisms: 1. Agaricus 2. Nostoc 3. Spirogyra. Which of the above is/are used as biofertilizer/biofertilizers?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Biofertilizers
- Which of the following adds/add nitrogen to the soil? 1. Excretion of urea by animals 2. Burning of coal by man 3. Death of vegetation2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Nitrogen Cycle
- Which of the following adds/add nitrogen to the soil? 1. Excretion of urea by animals 2. Burning of coal by man 3. Death of vegetation. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Nitrogen Cycle
- In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque found in its natural habitat? 1. Tamil Nadu 2. Kerala 3. Karnataka 4. Andhra Pradesh2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Western Ghats Fauna
- In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque found in its natural habitat? 1. Tamil Nadu 2. Kerala 3. Karnataka 4. Andhra Pradesh. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Lion-tailed Macaque
- Which one of the following terms describes not only the physical space occupied by an organism, but also its functional role in the community of organisms?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Ecological Niche
- Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Photochemical Smog
- With reference to food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is/are known as decomposer organism/organisms? 1. Virus 2. Fungi 3. Bacteria2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Decomposers
- With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is/are known as decomposer organism/organisms? 1. Virus 2. Fungi 3. Bacteria. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Decomposers
- Consider the following fauna of India: 1. Gharial 2. Leatherback turtle 3. Swamp deer. Which of the above is/are endangered?2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Threatened Fauna, Threatened Fauna of India
- Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss? 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves or no leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Xerophyte Adaptations
- Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss? 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves or no leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Desert Plant Adaptations
- Mycorrhizal biotechnology has been used in rehabilitating degraded sites because mycorrhiza enables plants to 1. resist drought and increase absorptive area 2. tolerate extremes of pH 3. resist disease infestation. Select the correct answer.2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Mycorrhiza
- Mycorrhizal biotechnology has been used in rehabilitating degraded sites because mycorrhiza enables the plants to 1. resist drought and increase absorptive area 2. tolerate extremes of pH 3. resist disease infestation. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.2013 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Mycorrhiza