CivilsIASPrep.comUPSC PYQs: Passage Inference
Review complete published questions grouped by topic: Passage Inference.
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Questions
- Passage: Workers leaving agriculture are moving largely into construction and informal manufacturing, while services are not creating enough additional jobs; health and education could fill much of the remaining employment gap. What is the best implication?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Water policy often treats water separately from rivers and wetlands, and engineering tends to augment supply rather than strengthen ecological systems. What is the most logical inference?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: No asset is risk-free, but extreme losses across jobs, homes, banks, bonds, governments and companies are unlikely to occur simultaneously. What investment suggestion is best implied?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: India’s monsoon water is highly seasonal; much river flow remains unutilised and reaches the sea while droughts and floods coexist. Which are the most rational practical implications? 1 interlink rivers; 2 build a network of dams and canals; 3 subsidise borewells; 4 legally regulate farm-water use; 5 let the Union regulate all interregional river distribution.2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Sustainable urban water supply requires costly source development, treatment, distribution, sewerage and sewage treatment; most cities cannot finance the full system themselves. What is the crucial message?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Ireland became dangerously dependent on a single potato variety, and a fungal disease devastated that crop, contributing to famine. What is the most important lesson?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: India combines rapid economic growth with a very large burden of child malnutrition. Malnutrition contributes substantially to under-five mortality, while surviving children can suffer permanent physical and cognitive damage, stunting, poorer learning and lower lifetime earnings. Which measures are the most rational and practical implications? (1) Union-level monitoring of the PDS; (2) delaying marriage and first pregnancy; (3) immediate breastfeeding after birth; (4) safe drinking water and sanitation for all; (5) ensuring prescribed vaccination.2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Paddy residue is often burned, while residues from pulse crops can be incorporated into soil and may improve it. Which conclusions are supported? (1) pulse cultivation causes less residue-burning pollution than paddy; (2) pulse straw can help improve soil quality.2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: India's economic liberalisation was shaped more by immediate government economic problems than by people's priorities or long-term development objectives. Experience exposed limitations in its design, including jobless growth, persistent poverty and inequality, while crises in agriculture, infrastructure, industrialisation and education constrain future development. Which inferences are rational? (1) The State's economic role needs to be rethought and redefined in the quest for development. (2) India has not effectively implemented policies or made sufficient investment in social sectors.2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Weak banks can become a burden on the economy, but closing or resolving them is politically and institutionally difficult, while repeated recapitalisation shifts losses to taxpayers. What is the central problem highlighted?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: India has major solar potential and must reduce fossil-fuel use, but some renewable technologies are still moving down their cost and learning curves. India has committed to lower emissions and is pushing both a gas-based economy and renewable energy, while businesses remain cautious about investing heavily before technologies mature. What is the most logical inference?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Using the same passage on India's renewable-energy transition, consider assumptions: (1) Governments often provide inefficient and costly subsidies for technologies that may not be ready in the near future. (2) India's commitment to reduce emissions by 33% by 2030 will be based on a gas-based economy. Which assumption(s) is/are valid?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Using the genome-editing passage, assess: (1) conventional GM technology may deliberately modify genes and can introduce a gene from another species; (2) genome editing can modify an organism’s existing genome without necessarily introducing foreign DNA. Which is correct?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Article 25 guarantees freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practise and propagate religion, but expressly makes that freedom subject to public order, morality, health and other Fundamental Rights. What is the most logical inference?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A batsman's average after 50 innings was 46.4. After the 60th innings his overall average had increased by 2.6. What was his average score in the last ten innings?2020 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: The author argues that corporate control and strong IPR incentives push GM research toward short-lived profit-oriented traits such as herbicide and pest resistance, while public needs include drought, salinity and other stress resistance. What is the central message?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Most introduced plant species in Britain are neither highly successful nor severely harmful; newcomers often increase local diversity and frequently occupy polluted or disturbed habitats where little else grows. What is the most defensible inference?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Conventional city development plans rely heavily on distant technical expertise and often exclude working and poor residents, their lived experiences and activities. What does the author advocate?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: India’s GDP growth accelerated substantially while growth of organised-sector employment slowed, despite most people remaining outside that sector. Which implications are supported? I modern growth is substantially productivity/technology driven; II the modern economy is weakly linked to labour-intensive natural-resource livelihoods; III India’s service sector is generally not labour-intensive; IV literate rural people are unwilling to enter organised employment.2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Banking correspondents are crucial to financial inclusion, but need viable incentives, financial-literacy investment and capability to connect customers not only to bank accounts but also insurance and micro-pensions. What is the most important inference?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Cheap low-end Internet-of-Things devices are spreading rapidly through appliances, trackers, implants and vehicles, but adding strong security raises their cost and their explosive growth creates major security challenges. What is the key inference?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Developing countries generate large amounts of data that foreign firms can convert into proprietary digital intelligence and monopoly power; digital issues are increasingly entering trade negotiations. What policy corollary follows for India?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Using the same passage on data and digital intelligence, which proposition is most directly implied?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Small farmers contribute little to human-caused climate change but are highly exposed to droughts, floods, sea-level rise and changing water supplies; billions depend on small farms for food and livelihoods. What follows most logically?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- From the preceding climate-and-small-farm passage, consider: I India faces a potential food-security problem; II India needs stronger disaster-management capability. Which implication is valid?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Tuberculosis among poor Indians is intensified by undernutrition, poor housing, stigma, loss of work, expensive treatment, weak counselling/support and severe side effects that discourage treatment continuation. What is the crucial message?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: India needs a long-term collaborative regulatory system that considers jobs, growth, alternatives and unintended consequences; regulation should secure cost-justified social/environmental benefits while improving broad economic welfare. What is the crucial inference?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Malnourished children have less mature gut microbiomes; a sugar in breast milk feeds beneficial infant microbes, and malnourished mothers tend to have less of this sugar, contributing to immature microbiomes. What inference is most directly supported?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Historical injustices such as untouchability persist because they are embedded simultaneously in economic exploitation, discriminatory ideologies and social representation; different wrongs overlap and can become partly independent of one another. What is the main idea?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Passage: Climate change may help some crops but harm others through pests, drought and flooding; suitable growing zones may shift, while politics, demand and farm practices also influence yields. What is the most reasonable inference?2019 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A passage notes that around 47% of India's population depends on agriculture and a large share will continue to do so. What is the most logical inference?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A passage says globalized food production gives consumers more choices but makes contamination harder to regulate and trace. What is the logical corollary?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A scientist says some questions are best addressed by science and some existential questions by faith. What inference follows?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- In a passage reflecting on India's past, why does the author want India to free herself from certain past bonds?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A Right-to-Education passage stresses quality, pedagogy and inclusion. Which is of paramount importance: parent attendance duty, physical infrastructure, or curricular reform for child-friendly learning?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A desertification passage links declining forest cover to erosion, smaller rivers, agricultural damage and groundwater decline. Which consequences are supported?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- From the desertification passage, which inference is valid: deforestation can alter river courses; salinization is only human-caused; monoculture explains desertification across all tropical continents?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A climate-adaptation passage emphasizes natural assets. Which help coping with climate change: conserve water sources, conserve a wider gene pool, retain existing crop-management practices, maintain migration corridors?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A passage notes that many households cook with biomass or coal, creating severe indoor air pollution. What is the strongest inference?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A passage discusses Arctic melting, new sea routes and access to resources. What is its most important implication?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A passage warns that agricultural monocultures reduce resilience to climate change. What is the strongest conclusion?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A passage about tiger conservation discusses moving tigers between protected habitats and maintaining connectivity. What is the strongest conclusion?2018 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A passage describes forest fragmentation caused by mining, highways and other intrusions. What is its central focus?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Why should continuity of forest landscapes and wildlife corridors be maintained? Consider preservation of biodiversity, management of minerals, and granting forest land for human use.2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Which practice is supported by a passage on good corporate governance?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- According to the corporate-governance passage, which claimed benefits are supported: higher share price, rapid turnover growth, and being the main criterion for FII investment?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Why does a passage argue that policy intervention is needed to mitigate agricultural risk?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A financial-markets passage cites weak global prospects, international-market uncertainty, Euro-area sovereign risk and bad monsoons. Which factors caused the adverse impact on emerging markets?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Why are Indian financial markets affected by global changes?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Why is banks' ability to withstand stress critical to India's overall financial stability?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Why will risk and liquidity management become more important for Indian banks? Consider globalization, consolidation/deregulation, diversification, and financial inclusion.2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- A passage explains why crude-oil deposits below the seabed do not completely decompose. What prevents complete decomposition?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Why does sedimentary rock facilitate formation of oil deposits?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- From a passage on agricultural slurry, which reasons justify restricting slurry discharge into watercourses: economic nutrient loss; lack of decomposer microbes in water; eutrophication risk?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- In the slurry passage, what does the phrase 'pollutant to fertilizer' mean?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- According to the passage, effects of indiscriminate fertilizer use include pollutants, destruction of decomposers, nutrient enrichment and algal blooms. Which are supported?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- Which characteristics accompany cultural eutrophication: loss of ecosystem services; loss of flora/fauna; loss of mineral nutrients?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference
- What did the old lady fail to understand about liberty?2013 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Passage Inference