UPSC PYQs: Logical Reasoning
Review complete published questions grouped by topic: Logical Reasoning.
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Questions
- Complete the patterned string A _ BCD _ BBCDABC _ DABC _ D. Which sequence fills the four blanks?2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Let p,q be distinct odd positive integers and r,s distinct even positive integers. Which parity statements are correct: (1) (p−r)^2(qs) is even; (2) (q−s)q^2s is even; (3) (q+r)^2(p+s) is odd?2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A person walks 100 m straight, turns left for 100 m, turns left again for 300 m, then turns right for 100 m. The final point is north-east of the starting point. In which direction did the person initially walk?2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A person walks 100 m west, turns left and walks 100 m, then turns 225° clockwise. Which direction is the person now facing?2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Statement: India is the world’s largest producer of milk. Conclusions: (1) India is necessarily the world’s largest milk exporter; (2) India therefore does not import milk or milk products. Which conclusion follows?2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Data sufficiency: What are the natural-number values m and n? Statement I: m+n > mn and m>n. Statement II: mn=24.2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Data sufficiency: What time is required to download a software file? Statement I: the file size is 12 MB. Statement II: the transfer rate is 2.4 KB per second.2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Main statement: Pradeep becomes either a Director or a Producer. P: he is a Director; Q: he is a Producer; R: he is not a Director; S: he is not a Producer. Which ordered implication pair(s) are logically consistent with the main statement?2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Let P mean >, Q mean <, R mean “not greater than” (≤), S mean “not less than” (≥), and T mean =. Consider: (1) if 2x S 3y and 3x T 4z, then 9y P 8z; (2) if x Q 2y and y R z, then x R z. Which statements are correct?2024 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Four letters are randomly placed into four addressed envelopes. Consider: (1) exactly one letter can be wrongly placed; (2) there are six arrangements with exactly two letters correctly placed. Which is correct?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Among five positive integers p,q,r,s,t, exactly three are even and two odd. Consider: (1) p+q+r−s−t is definitely even; (2) 2p+q+2r−2s+t is definitely odd. Which is correct?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Given 7⊕9⊕10=8, 9⊕11⊕30=5 and 11⊕17⊕21=13 under the same rule, find 23⊕4⊕15.2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A box contains 14 black, 20 blue, 26 green, 28 yellow, 38 red and 54 white balls. Consider two stated worst-case thresholds: 175 to force a full colour-group and 167 to force at least one of every colour. Which is correct?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- If the coding rule maps ZERO to CHUR, how is PLAYER coded?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Five age statements compare A,B,C,D,E,F. How many of the five statements are needed to determine the oldest person/persons?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A family has A,B,C,D,E. Given four statements about marriage, parentage and sibling relations, which information is sufficient to determine E’s relation to B?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Which number group differs from the others?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Forty children stand in a circle. Starting with child 1, the ring is passed with successively increasing jumps: 1→2, 2→4, 4→7, etc. After how many holders including child 1 does it return to child 1?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- In the sequence Z repeated twice, Y three times, X four times, W five times, and so on down to A, which letter occupies the middle term(s)?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Data sufficiency: Is p>q? Statement 1: pq>0. Statement 2: p²>q². Which is correct?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Data sufficiency: Is p+q−r greater than p−q+r? Statement 1: p−q>0. Statement 2: p−r<0. Which is correct?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- At a party 75 took tea, 60 coffee, 15 both, nobody taking milk takes tea, and everyone took at least one drink. To find total attendance, Statement 1 says 50 took milk; Statement 2 says attendance is five times the number taking milk only. Which is sufficient?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Data sufficiency for an unknown 3-digit number: Statement 1 says sum of digits equals product; Statement 2 says number is divisible by its digit sum. Can the number be determined?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Five children have ages a<b<c<d<e with successive differences of 2 years. Find a. Statement 1: e=3a. Statement 2: average age is 8. Which is sufficient?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Five persons P,Q,R,S,T receive five distinct tasks. Neither P nor Q may take Task 1; Task 2 must go to R or S. How many assignments are possible?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Symbols mean: A+B=>, A−B=≤, A×B=≥, A÷B= Q.2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Complete the patterned sequence ABC__ABC_DABBCD_ABCD with four missing letters.2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Five candidates P,Q,R,S,T satisfy: exactly one of P,Q was selected; it is false that at least one of R,S was selected; at most two of R,S,T were selected. Conclusions: (1) at least four were selected; (2) S was selected. Which follows?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Statements satisfy: if P then Q and S; if R and S then not T. Conclusions: (1) if T is true, at least one of P and R must be false; (2) if Q is true, P is true. Which follows?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Arrange the letters of INCOMPREHENSIBILITIES in reverse alphabetical order. How many letter positions remain unchanged from the original word?2023 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Six boys A, B, C, D, E and F play a game of cards. Each has a pack of 10 cards. F borrows 2 cards from A and gives away 5 to C, who in turn gives 3 to B while B gives 6 to D who passes on 1 to E. Then the number of cards possessed by D and E is equal to the number of cards possessed by:2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Consider the following relationships among members of a family of six persons A, B, C, D, E, and F: 1. The number of males equals that of females. 2. A and E are sons of F. 3. D is the mother of two, one boy and one girl. 4. B is the son of A. 5. There is only one married couple in the family at present. Which one of the following inferences can be drawn from the above?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- If 2 boys and 2 girls are to be arranged in a row so that the girls are not next to each other, how many possible arrangements are there?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- The age of Mr. X last year was the square of a number and it would be the cube of a number next year. What is the least number of years he must wait for his age to become the cube of a number again?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- 15 students failed in a class of 52. After removing the names of failed students, a merit order list has been prepared in which the position of Ramesh is 22nd from the top. What is his position from the bottom?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A 2-digit number is reversed. The larger of the two numbers is divided by the smaller one. What is the largest possible remainder?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Consider the given statement and the two conclusions that follow: Statement: Morning walk is good for health. Conclusions: 1. All healthy people go for morning walk. 2. Morning walk is essential for maintaining good health. What is/are the valid conclusion/conclusions?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- P = (40% of A) + (65% of B) and Q = (50% of A) + (50% of B), where A is greater than B. In this context, which of the following statements is correct?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- In a test, Randhir obtained more marks than the total marks obtained by Kunal and Debu. The total marks obtained by Kunal and Shankar are more than those of Randhir. Sonal obtained more marks than Shankar. Neha obtained more marks than Randhir. Who amongst them obtained the highest marks?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Statement: Good voice is a natural gift but one has to keep practising to improve and excel well in the field of music. Conclusions: I. Natural gifts need nurturing and care. II. Even though one’s voice is not good, one can keep practising. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statement and conclusions?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Eight railway stations A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are connected either by two-way passages or one-way passages. One-way passages are from C to A, E to G, B to F, D to H, G to C, E to C, and H to G. Two-way passages are between A and E, G and B, F and D, and E and D. In how many different ways can a train travel from F to A without passing through any station more than once?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Eight railway stations A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are connected either by two-way passages or one-way passages. One-way passages are from C to A, E to G, B to F, D to H, G to C, E to C, and H to G. Two-way passages are between A and E, G and B, F and D, and E and D. If the route between G and C is closed, which one of the following stations need not be passed through while travelling from H to C?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Eight railway stations A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are connected either by two-way passages or one-way passages. One-way passages are from C to A, E to G, B to F, D to H, G to C, E to C, and H to G. Two-way passages are between A and E, G and B, F and D, and E and D. While travelling from C to H, which one of the following stations must be passed through?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- No supporters of 'party X', who knew Z and supported his campaign strategy, agreed for the alliance with 'party Y'; but some of them had friends in 'party Y'. With reference to the above information, consider the following statements: 1. Some supporters of 'party X' knew Z. 2. Some supporters of 'party X', who opposed Z’s campaign strategy, knew Z. 3. No supporters of 'party X' supported Z’s campaign strategy. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- No supporters of 'party X', who knew Z and supported his campaign strategy, agreed for the alliance with 'party Y'; but some of them had friends in 'party Y'. With reference to the above information, which one among the following statements must be true?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are Lecturers from different cities — Hyderabad, Delhi, Shillong, Kanpur, Chennai, Mumbai, and Srinagar, not necessarily in the same order. Each one is specialized in a different subject: Economics, Commerce, History, Sociology, Geography, Mathematics, and Statistics. Further: 1. Lecturer from Kanpur is specialized in Geography. 2. Lecturer D is from Shillong. 3. Lecturer C from Delhi is specialized in Sociology. 4. Lecturer B is specialized in neither History nor Mathematics. 5. Lecturer A who is specialized in Economics does not belong to Hyderabad. 6. Lecturer F who is specialized in Commerce belongs to Srinagar. 7. Lecturer G who is specialized in Statistics belongs to Chennai. Who is specialized in Geography?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are Lecturers from different cities — Hyderabad, Delhi, Shillong, Kanpur, Chennai, Mumbai, and Srinagar, not necessarily in the same order. Each one is specialized in a different subject: Economics, Commerce, History, Sociology, Geography, Mathematics, and Statistics. Further: 1. Lecturer from Kanpur is specialized in Geography. 2. Lecturer D is from Shillong. 3. Lecturer C from Delhi is specialized in Sociology. 4. Lecturer B is specialized in neither History nor Mathematics. 5. Lecturer A who is specialized in Economics does not belong to Hyderabad. 6. Lecturer F who is specialized in Commerce belongs to Srinagar. 7. Lecturer G who is specialized in Statistics belongs to Chennai. Who of the following belongs to Hyderabad?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are Lecturers from different cities — Hyderabad, Delhi, Shillong, Kanpur, Chennai, Mumbai, and Srinagar, not necessarily in the same order. Each one is specialized in a different subject: Economics, Commerce, History, Sociology, Geography, Mathematics, and Statistics. Further: 1. Lecturer from Kanpur is specialized in Geography. 2. Lecturer D is from Shillong. 3. Lecturer C from Delhi is specialized in Sociology. 4. Lecturer B is specialized in neither History nor Mathematics. 5. Lecturer A who is specialized in Economics does not belong to Hyderabad. 6. Lecturer F who is specialized in Commerce belongs to Srinagar. 7. Lecturer G who is specialized in Statistics belongs to Chennai. To which city does the Lecturer specialized in Economics belong?2017 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A society consists only of fighters and cowards. Two cowards are always enemies; a fighter and a coward are always enemies; fighters are indifferent to one another. If A and B are enemies, C and D are friends, E and F are indifferent, A and E are not enemies, while B and F are enemies, which statement is correct?2015 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Consider the statements: life on other heavenly bodies is considered possible and space voyage is an established fact. What can definitely be concluded about UFOs?2015 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Statements: Lady’s finger is tastier than cabbage; cauliflower is tastier than lady’s finger; cabbage is not tastier than peas. What conclusion follows?2015 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- If A runs less fast than B, and B runs as fast as but not faster than C, then compared with A, C runs2015 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- All good athletes want to win, and all athletes who want to win eat a well-balanced diet. What is the best conclusion?2015 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Geeta says Naresh has become a better boxer since he started meditation. Radha replies that this is impossible because a boxer’s most important asset is aggressiveness. Radha’s statement reflects her belief that2015 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- Consider: 1. A man had a wife, two sons and two daughters in his family. 2. The daughters were invited to a feast and the male members went out for a picnic. 3. The man’s father did not return from work. Which statement is true?2015 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- “Price is not the same thing as value. Suppose on a day the price of everything—coal, bread, postage, labour, rent, etc.—were to double. Prices would rise, but values of all things except one would not.” What does the writer mean?2014 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- “Liberty is never real unless the Government can be called to account when it invades rights.” Which option best justifies this statement?2014 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- A question paper must have a question on one of the eight poets: A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H. The first four belong to the medieval period while the rest are considered modern poets. Generally, modern poets figure in the question paper in alternate years. Generally those who like H like G also; and those who like F like E also. The paper-setter does not like to ask about F as he has written a book on F, but he likes F. Last year, the paper contained a question on A. On the basis of the information given, this year’s paper is most likely to contain a question on2014 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning
- “If political leadership fails to emerge, there is likelihood of military taking over power in developing countries. Radical student groups or labour may try to raise revolution but they are not likely to compete with the military. Military intervention, rule, and withdrawal from politics is closely related to a society’s level of political development.” In this context, the assumption is that2014 · Prelims CSAT · CSAT · Logical Reasoning