CivilsIASPrep.comUPSC PYQs: 2026
Review complete published questions grouped by year: 2026.
Other qualifying year groups
- 2013328 published questions
- 2014272 published questions
- 2015413 published questions
- 2016262 published questions
- 2017324 published questions
- 2018322 published questions
- 2019329 published questions
- 2020328 published questions
- 2021321 published questions
- 2022319 published questions
- 2023320 published questions
- 2024320 published questions
- 2025323 published questions
- 2026323 published questions
Questions
- ಕನ್ನಡದ ಯಾವುದಾದರೂ ಎರಡು ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಉಪಭಾಷೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Kannada Linguistics · Regional Dialects
- ಮೋರೆಯ ಪರಿಗಳ್ ಭೋರಂದೋಲರಂತ ಮಂಗಳ ಗೀತಿಗಳ್ ನೇರೆಯ ಗಣಿಕಾವೀರಂ ಬಂಡಾಡೆ ಪುಣ್ಯಜಲಂಗಳಂ ತರಿಸಿ ಮಿನಿಸುತಾಗಳ್ ತಾಂ ತನ್ನ ಕಯ್ಯೋಳ್ ಕಟ್ಟಿದಂ ಕುರುಪತಿವೃಂದಂ ಕರ್ಣಂಗಾ ವೀರಪಟ್ಟದ ಪಟ್ಟಮಂ2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಪದ್ಯ ಸಂದರ್ಭ-ಆಶಯ-ಸಾರಸ್ಯ
- Owing to paucity of time, a university professor generates a Ph.D. evaluation report using Artificial Intelligence and submits it with some modifications. Discuss this from the perspective of accountability and integrity.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · AI, Accountability and Academic Integrity
- What do you mean by Digital Rupee? In this context, explain the working and progress of India's Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC).2026 · Mains GS3 · Economy · Digital Rupee and CBDC
- Right to privacy relating to self-identity is very dear to every human being and well protected under Article 21 of the Constitution. In this context, examine the effect of the amendment in 2026, to the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · Privacy, Gender Identity and Transgender Rights
- Analyze the importance of Ashokan inscriptions for reconstructing Mauryan history.2026 · Mains GS1 · History · Ashokan Inscriptions and Mauryan History
- Oxymorons reflect the ironies of life.2026 · Essay · Philosophy · Paradox and Human Experience
- X receives three different coins chosen from denominations 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20; their total is m. Is a ₹5 coin included? Statement I: m is not prime. Statement II: the sum of the digits of m exceeds 5.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Analytical Ability, Reasoning · Data sufficiency
- Which Carnatic raga corresponds most closely to the natural-major-scale character of Hindustani Raga Bilawal?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Indian classical music
- ‘ವಿಕ್ರಮಾರ್ಜುನ ವಿಜಯಂ’ ಕಾವ್ಯದ ‘ದುಶ್ಯಾಸನ ವಧೆ’ ಪ್ರಸಂಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಡು ಬರುವ ಹಿಂಸೆಯ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Old Kannada Literature · Vikramarjuna Vijaya
- ಉಟ್ಟುದ ತೋರದವಂಗ ಉರೇನು, ಕಾಡೇನು? ನಮ್ಮಸಂತಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಕುಲವೇನು, ಫಲವೇನು? ಹುಟ್ಟುಗೇಡಾತಂಗ ಪುಣ್ಯವೇನು, ಪಾಪವೇನು? ಅದು ಕೆಟ್ಟದು, ಅದು ಕೆಟ್ಟದು ನಿನ್ನ ನೀನೆರೆಯದ ದಿಟ್ಟ ಬಯಲಲ್ಲಿ ಬಿದ್ದೆಯಲ್ಲಾ ಅಜಗಣ್ಣ ತಂದೆ!2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ವಚನ/ಭಕ್ತಿಪದ್ಯ ಸಂದರ್ಭ-ಆಶಯ
- A business house is working on a project that could displace a forest community from their habitat. As the administrative officer of that district, what ethical challenges are you likely to face?2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Development, Displacement and Environmental Justice
- Examine the view that financial inclusion is an integral part of social and economic inclusion in a country like India. Also throw light on the usefulness of the R.B.I.'s Financial Inclusion Index.2026 · Mains GS3 · Economy · Financial Inclusion and RBI FI-Index
- “Women as a class neither belong to a minority group nor are they regarded as forming a backward class.” In the light of this statement, discuss the evolution of women's reservation from local bodies to Parliament.2026 · Mains GS2 · Social Justice · Women’s Political Representation
- Discuss the impact of Macaulay's Minute on colonial administration and education in India.2026 · Mains GS1 · History · Macaulay Minute and Colonial Education
- A grateful mind is very beautiful.2026 · Essay · Ethics · Gratitude and Character
- Why did the British Government favour the rupee–sterling exchange rate recommended by the Hilton-Young Commission in 1926?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Colonial economy
- For two distinct real numbers x and y, can we determine which is larger? Statement I: x² < y < 1. Statement II: y < √x < 1.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Analytical Ability, Reasoning · Data sufficiency
- ಸತ್ಯಧರ್ಮಗಳ ನಿತ್ಯವು ಬೋಧಿಸೆ ತೊಟ್ಟಿನ ಮನಸಿಗೆ ಸೊಗಸೀತೆ ತತ್ತ್ವದ ಅರ್ಥವು ಎಚ್ಚರದಿ ಕೇಳೆ ಕತ್ತೆಯ ಚಿತ್ತಕೆ ಹೇಳಿತೆ ಪುಳ್ಳೆ ಬೊಂಬೆಯ ಚಿತ್ರದಿ ಬಣ್ಣಿಸಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕೊಟ್ಟರೆ ಮಾತನಾದೀತೇ ಕತ್ತರಿ ತೀರ್ಕವನೋತಿ ಫಲಯೋಜಿದ ಅರ್ಥಿಯ ತೋರದ ಇದ್ದೀತೇ2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಪದ್ಯ ಸಂದರ್ಭ-ತತ್ತ್ವ
- ‘ಶರಣಸತಿ - ಲಿಂಗಪತಿ’ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆ ವಚನಗಳ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಗೆ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ?2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Vachana Literature · Sharansasati-Lingapati
- An endangered tribe has developed a severe skeletal deformity. A university research has identified a mineral supplement as a possible remedy, though clinical trials are yet to be conducted. Should the District Magistrate (DM) use this research on the tribe? Discuss from the perspective of medical and administrative ethics.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Medical and Administrative Ethics in Vulnerable Communities
- Describe the various Technology Missions initiated in Indian agriculture and examine their role in food security.2026 · Mains GS3 · Agriculture · Technology Missions and Food Security
- Examine whether the constitutional office of the Lok Sabha Speaker has become vulnerable to partisan politics under the current anti-defection regime. What institutional changes are required to ensure the neutrality of the Lok Sabha Speaker in managing a polarised House?2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · Speaker and Anti-Defection
- The significance of the Gandhian movements lay in the masses they mobilized. Elucidate.2026 · Mains GS1 · History · Gandhian Mass Mobilisation
- A thorn is a changed bud.2026 · Essay · Philosophy · Adversity and Transformation
- For integers x and y, is x even? Statement I: x²y² is even. Statement II: 1+x²+y² is odd.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Analytical Ability, Reasoning · Parity data sufficiency
- Pali literature names coin denominations such as kahapana and nikkha, while archaeology has recovered standardized silver punch-marked coins. These two forms of evidence are associated with which developments?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Ancient economy
- ಸರಳ ಕೊರತೆಯೋ ಸಾರಧಿಯ ಮ ತ್ತುರವೋ ರಥದ ವಿಘಾತಿಯೋ ದು ರ್ಧರ ಧನುರ್ಭಂಗವೋ ಮಹಾಸ್ತ್ರ ವ್ಯಧೆಯೋ ರವಿಸುತನ ಹುರಳು ಗೆಡಿಸಿದಿರಂತು ರಿಪುರಾ ಯರಿಗೆ ನಾವ್ ಗೋಚರವ ದುರಿತೋ ತ್ತುರವಪ್ಪನೆಲೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಕಡೆಯಿತು ಶಿವಶಿವಾ ಎಂದ2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಯುದ್ಧಪದ್ಯ ಸಂದರ್ಭ-ಸಾರಸ್ಯ
- ಭಕ್ತಿ ಮತ್ತು ದೇವರ ನಡುವಿನ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಕನಕದಾಸರ ಕೀರ್ತನೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಗೆ ವ್ಯಕ್ತವಾಗಿದೆ ?2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Dasa Literature · Kanakadasa
- Discuss how national security can be balanced with concerns of human rights.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · National Security and Human Rights
- Explain the factors responsible for inefficiency of agri-produce marketing. How e-commerce helps to reduce inefficiency of agri-produce marketing? Explain.2026 · Mains GS3 · Agriculture · Agri-Marketing and E-Commerce
- Is the right to vote a fundamental right? Discuss the position of the Election Commission of India while undertaking the revision of electoral rolls. Can it also examine the question of citizenship of voters?2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · Right to Vote, Electoral Rolls and Citizenship
- What is the Fujiwhara effect? Explain its impact on the movement and intensity of tropical cyclones.2026 · Mains GS1 · Geography · Fujiwhara Effect and Tropical Cyclones
- When two elephants fight, it is the grass that gets trampled.2026 · Essay · International Relations · Power, Conflict and the Vulnerable
- Identify the temples in the list that display a Nagara-type curvilinear shikhara: 1. Malegitti Shivalaya, Badami; 2. Huchimalligudi, Aihole; 3. Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh; 4. Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal.2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Temple architecture
- X contains odd numbers, Y contains even numbers, and every member of T comes from X or Y. Is every member of T from Y? I. The sum of any two members of T is even. II. For any p,q in T, (p−1)q is even.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Analytical Ability, Reasoning · Parity data sufficiency
- ನವ್ಯ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ದೊರೆತ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮದ ಪ್ರೇರಣೆಗಳು.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Modern Kannada Literature · Navya Movement
- ಕೊಡದ ಸಾಲಂದದ ಮುಗಿಲು ಕಾಮನಬಿಲ್ಲ ಬಡಿಗಿಯಂ ಬಡಿಯ ದ್ವಾರಗಳು ಒಡೆದಂತೆ ಗುಡುಗಾಡುವೊಳಗಿದ್ದ ನೀರು ತೋ ಟ್ಟಿದುವಂತೆ ಕರೆಯದು ವೃಷ್ಟಿ2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ ವರ್ಣನೆ - ಪದ್ಯ
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar had cautioned that employing civil disobedience within a constitutional democracy equates to endorsing ‘anarchy’. How should modern democracies navigate the ethical dilemmas posed by civil disobedience movements that aim to promote social justice against policies that may raise genuine concerns?2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Civil Disobedience and Constitutional Morality
- Explain by giving two examples, how biotechnology has helped the Indian farmers in processing their perishable crops.2026 · Mains GS3 · Science & Technology · Biotechnology in Processing Perishable Crops
- Do constitutional bodies like the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) possess adequate enforcement powers to secure substantive social equality? Suggest measures to enhance their institutional effectiveness.2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · NCSC and NCST Institutional Effectiveness
- Tundra regions are ecologically fragile but economically important. Examine this statement critically.2026 · Mains GS1 · Geography · Tundra Ecology and Resources
- Nature is the symbol of the spirit.2026 · Essay · Philosophy · Nature, Meaning and the Human Spirit
- Which of the following is not one of Jainism's four principal gatis or forms of rebirth/existence?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Jainism
- Integers x,y,z are each greater than 1. Is x prime? I. xy²=116. II. xz=261.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Analytical Ability, Reasoning · Data sufficiency
- ಪಂಪ ಕವಿಯ ಕರ್ಣನ ಪಾತ್ರದ ಮೂಲಕ ವೀರಯುಗದ ಶೌರ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ತ್ಯಾಗದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಹೇಗೆ ಪ್ರತಿಪಾದಿಸಿದ್ದಾನೆ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಪಂಪ - ಕರ್ಣನ ಪಾತ್ರ
- ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಭಾಷಾ ಕುಟುಂಬಕ್ಕೆ ಸೇರಿದ ಭಾಷೆಗಳ ಸಾದೃಶ್ಯವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Kannada Linguistics · South Dravidian Languages
- In what ways can an Indian Administrative Officer apply Gandhi’s notion of ‘trusteeship’ to ensure fairness in governance?2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Gandhian Trusteeship in Public Administration
- Distinguish between a Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) and a thermal nuclear reactor. In the context of first indigenously developed prototype FBR at Kalpakkam, explain the term “criticality”. What are its implications for clean energy future of our country?2026 · Mains GS3 · Science & Technology · Fast Breeder Reactor and Criticality
- Does India's tribal development policy reflect the aspirations for a socially grounded and equity-based governance? Justify your answer.2026 · Mains GS2 · Social Justice · Tribal Development and Equity-Based Governance
- Discuss the role of aeolian processes in desertification and land degradation.2026 · Mains GS1 · Geography · Aeolian Processes and Land Degradation
- A well-educated mind will always have more questions than answers.2026 · Essay · Education · Inquiry, Knowledge and Intellectual Humility
- The Hallisalasya scene in the Bagh Caves is best identified as which subject?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Ancient painting
- Passage: Kalagram at the Maha Kumbh displayed seven regional 'Sanskriti Angans', temple-inspired thematic zones featuring Bengal Pattachitra, Assam bamboo craft, Tamil Nadu Thanjavur painting and Madhya Pradesh tribal sculpture, created by 230 master artisans. Which conclusions are valid? 1. Seven Sanskriti Angans represented different regions. 2. Regional artistry was recognized specifically through the temple inspiration. 3. Contemporary artisans used old techniques to shape representations of India's ancient heritage. 4. Art forms from every region of India were displayed.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Kalagram passage
- ವಿದ್ಯುಚ್ಚೋರನೆಂಬ ರಿಸಿಯ ಕಳ್ಳತನದ ತಂತ್ರಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳನ್ನು ಸಮಕಾಲೀನ ನೆಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ವಡ್ಡಾರಾಧನೆ - ವಿದ್ಯುಚ್ಚೋರ
- ಪ್ರಗತಿಶೀಲ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ್ಕೂ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ಸ್ವಾದಕ್ಕೂ ಇರುವ ಸಂಬಂಧವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Modern Kannada Literature · Progressive Literature and Marxism
- Shakespeare in Henry IV says, “The arms are fair when the intent of bearing them is just”. What ethical implications does this have in governance?2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Just Intent, Means and Governance
- Discuss how the contradiction between “rapid infrastructure development” and “disaster-risk reduction” in ecologically-sensitive areas of India can be managed, with suitable examples.2026 · Mains GS3 · Disaster Management · Infrastructure and Disaster-Risk Reduction
- Malnutrition in India is not merely a public health concern; it is also a challenge of social equity, human development and effective welfare governance. Discuss.2026 · Mains GS2 · Social Justice · Malnutrition and Welfare Governance
- Water resources are both an asset and a source of conflict in South Asia. Examine this statement giving examples.2026 · Mains GS1 · Geography · Water Resources and Conflict in South Asia
- Shelving hard decisions is the least ethical course.2026 · Essay · Ethics · Decision-making and Moral Responsibility
- Consider statements on India's place-value notation: 1. The Mankani plates of Gujarat (595–596 CE) provide an early epigraphic example. 2. By the ninth century place-value notation became widespread in Indian inscriptions. 3. Sanskrit inscriptions in Southeast Asia show such notation from the seventh century. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · History of mathematics
- Using the Kalagram passage, which statement is NOT correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Kalagram passage
- ನಾಗಚಂದ್ರ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಿರುವ ಉದಾತ್ತ ರಾವಣನ ಪಾತ್ರ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Old Kannada Literature · Nagachandra Ravana
- ಅಕ್ಕಮಹಾದೇವಿಯ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯವನ್ನು ಆಕೆಯ ವಚನಗಳ ಮೂಲಕ ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಅಕ್ಕಮಹಾದೇವಿ ವಚನಗಳು
- Citing the serious adverse effects of long-term medication, a doctor convinces the family of a female patient for surgery. This led the patient to reluctantly consent for the surgery, though her original choice was to opt for medication. Explain the concepts of paternalism and beneficence by analysing the doctor’s action.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Paternalism, Beneficence and Patient Autonomy
- Discuss the aim and goals of Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework. Mention India's commitments and initiatives to achieve the goals and targets of this framework giving suitable examples.2026 · Mains GS3 · Environment · Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
- Analyse the advantages and limitations of the generalist structure of the Indian Civil Services in contemporary governance.2026 · Mains GS2 · Governance · Generalist Civil Services
- Unity in diversity remains the defining feature of Indian society despite the challenges from communalism and regionalism. Comment.2026 · Mains GS1 · Indian Society · Unity in Diversity, Communalism and Regionalism
- A good leader is one who follows the followers.2026 · Essay · Governance · Leadership, Listening and Democratic Legitimacy
- Harappan archaeology shows many spindle whorls in houses but no spinning wheels; standardized graduated weights/scales; and substantial baked-brick houses with private wells and baths. Which inferences follow? 1. Household spinning was labour intensive. 2. Standardized measures reflect substantial technical knowledge. 3. Such houses demonstrate a common-property system.2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Harappan civilization
- Weights satisfy A+B+C+D=17, A+C=6, P+Q+S+D=15, P+Q+R+B=17, with P=R and Q=S. Which statement must be correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Linear equations
- ಕುಮಾರವ್ಯಾಸ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಕರ್ಣ ಮತ್ತು ಅರ್ಜುನರ ಯುದ್ಧ ಪ್ರಸಂಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಡು ಬರುವ ಯುದ್ಧ ನೀತಿಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಕುಮಾರವ್ಯಾಸ ಭಾರತ - ಯುದ್ಧನೀತಿ
- ಜನ್ನನ ‘ಯಶೋಧರ ಚರಿತೆ’ ಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರೂಪಿತವಾಗಿರುವ ಕಾಮದ ಸ್ವರೂಪವನ್ನು ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Old Kannada Literature · Yashodhara Charite
- Efficiency is doing things right, while effectiveness is doing the right thing. How do you strike a balance between the two to enhance productivity?2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Efficiency and Effectiveness in Administration
- In the Indian context, explain how fake news and disinformation pose a threat to Internal Security and Public Order. In this regard, discuss salient features of amendments in respect of Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021.2026 · Mains GS3 · Internal Security · Fake News, Disinformation and IT Rules
- “IPMDA (Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness) bridges the gap between India's SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision and the Quad's collective Indo-Pacific strategy.” Make a critical assessment of the statement focusing on IPMDA.2026 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · IPMDA, SAGAR and Quad Maritime Strategy
- How do you understand disability? Substantiate the need for inclusive policy framework in India in this regard.2026 · Mains GS1 · Indian Society · Disability and Inclusive Policy
- How many arrangements can be made from the letters of QUEUE if Q must always be immediately followed by U?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Permutations
- Which comparison between the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is accurate?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · National movement
- ನವೋದಯ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯವು ಆಧುನಿಕತೆಗೆ ಮುಖಾಮುಖಿಯಾದ ಬಗೆಯನ್ನು ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Modern Kannada Literature · Navodaya and Modernity
- “ಮಾಡಿ ತಲ್ಲಣ ಪೂಜೆಯಾಗಿ, ಆಡಿ ತಲ್ಲಣ ಸ್ತುತಿಯಾಗಿ” - ಎಂಬ ಮಾತು ನಂಬಿಯಣ್ಣನ ಜೀವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಂಟುಮಾಡಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ನಂಬಿಯಣ್ಣ - ಭಕ್ತಿ ಅನುಭವ
- Usually schools, working in remote areas, do not fully comply with government regulations. However, if the rules are enforced strictly, it would lead to most schools closing down. How should an administrator strike a balance between enforcement of rules and educational rights of children?2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Rule Enforcement and Right to Education
- Ladakh is strategically located between China and Pakistan. As a measure to win hearts and minds of locals, discuss the Border Area Development Programmes (BADP) by the Central Government and civic actions by the Army. Also discuss demand of promulgation of provision of the Sixth Schedule of constitution for Ladakh.2026 · Mains GS3 · Internal Security · Ladakh, BADP and Sixth Schedule
- “BRICS acts as a powerful counterweight in global governance, actively amplifying the voice and influence of the Global South.” Explain the role of BRICS in projecting itself as an alternative to other groupings.2026 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · BRICS and Global South
- Do you think digital technology promotes social empowerment? Explain with examples.2026 · Mains GS1 · Indian Society · Digital Technology and Social Empowerment
- Rigvedic references are used to support irrigation from wells and use of draught power to lift water. Which evidence supports these propositions? 1. References to devices such as stone pulley wheels and wooden pails. 2. References to axes and sickles. 3. Pre-Rigvedic use of oxen for ploughing and carts.2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Rigvedic economy
- X, Y and Z jump in steps of 4, 6 and 5 feet respectively. At 8 AM all are at mark 199. How many marks between 195 and 1000 can all three land on, not necessarily at the same time?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · LCM
- ‘ಪದ ಸ್ವೀಕರಣ’ ಎಂದರೇನು ? ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Literary Criticism · ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ - ಪದ ಸ್ವೀಕರಣ
- ಕನಕದಾಸರ ಕೀರ್ತನೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಸಮಾನತೆಯ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆ ಹೇಗೆ ಬಿಂಬಿತವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ವಿಮರ್ಶಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಕನಕದಾಸರು - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಸಮಾನತೆ
- In international relations, ethical considerations are often subjugated to the strategic interests of nation-states. Discuss this from an ethical perspective.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Ethics and National Interest in International Relations
- Explain the key challenges for India's energy security. What measures do you suggest for ensuring energy security along with economic growth and sustainability?2026 · Mains GS3 · Economy · Energy Security and Sustainable Growth
- Discuss the position of the Governor in the federal polity of India. What is the nature of his power while giving assent to a bill passed by the State Legislature? Is he bound by the aid and advice of his Council of Ministers in all his functions?2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · Governor, Assent to Bills and Aid and Advice
- Vijayanagara architecture exemplifies the amalgamation of past traditions with contemporary practices. Elucidate with examples.2026 · Mains GS1 · Art & Culture · Vijayanagara Architecture
- Passage: Sport should be seen not merely as medals or quota jobs but as a way of life that can address isolation, anxiety and inactivity while teaching time management, fitness, teamwork and coordination. Which conclusions are valid? 1. Sport is more than games and can be a way of life. 2. It can reduce seclusion among young people. 3. Sporting achievement can help through sports-quota employment. 4. Corporate-type skills cannot be learnt through sport.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Sport and life skills
- A hypothesis proposes a Pleistocene drainage connection or river capture between the Indus and Ganga systems involving the Yamuna or Sutlej. Which evidence was used as the principal basis?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · Drainage evolution
- ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷೆಯ ಹಳಮೆಯನ್ನು ನಿದರ್ಶನಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಖಚಿತ ಪಡಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Kannada Linguistics · Antiquity of Kannada
- ಭರತ-ಬಾಹುಬಲಿ ಯುದ್ಧದ ಪ್ರಸಂಗದಲ್ಲಿನ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಕುರಿತು ಕವಿ ರತ್ನಾಕರವರ್ಣಿ ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿರುವ ವೈಚಿತ್ರ್ಯವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ರತ್ನಾಕರವರ್ಣಿ - ಭರತ ಬಾಹುಬಲಿ
- On the request of his Personal Assistant (PA), the District Magistrate (DM) stops the transfer of a schoolteacher who takes private tuition for his daughter diagnosed with learning disability. In this context, discuss the aspects of empathy versus compliance with rules.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Empathy, Rules and Conflict of Interest
- How are startups in India promoting entrepreneurship, innovation and employment? Discuss the global and domestic challenges in their working and suggest suitable measures to overcome these challenges.2026 · Mains GS3 · Economy · Startups, Innovation and Employment
- What is meant by judicial legislation? In this context, discuss the verdicts of the apex court allowing “passive euthanasia” and a “living will”.2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · Judicial Legislation, Passive Euthanasia and Living Will
- Linguistic reorganization of Indian States was driven by popular pressure from below. Comment.2026 · Mains GS1 · Post-Independence History · Linguistic Reorganisation of States
- In early aniconic Buddhist art, what does an empty throne or seat generally symbolize?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Buddhist iconography
- From the sport passage, consider: 1. Parents are insufficiently encouraging children to play sport. 2. Sporting participation can develop life skills. 3. Sport as a way of life can help shape a healthier, happier society. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Sport and life skills
- ಬಸವಣ್ಣನವರ ವಚನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಡುಬರುವ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಯ ಸ್ವರೂಪವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಬಸವಣ್ಣನ ವಚನಗಳು
- ಕನ್ನಡ ದಲಿತ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದ ಮೇಲೆ ಗಾಂಧಿ - ಅಂಬೇಡ್ಕರ್ ಲೋಹಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ಬೀರಿದ ಬಗೆಯನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Dalit Literature · Gandhi Ambedkar Lohia Influence
- Some moral philosophers argue that spending some of your resources—without significantly affecting your financial stability—to help other people who badly suffer is our moral duty and not merely a matter of charity. Justify this claim by explaining the distinction between duty and charity.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Duty, Charity and Positive Moral Obligations
- How Indian agriculture has been transformed from food scarcity to food surplus level? Explain the various government policies implemented for diversification of Indian agriculture.2026 · Mains GS3 · Agriculture · From Food Scarcity to Surplus and Diversification
- How far has the Indian federal framework been successful in accommodating regional and cultural diversities? Highlight the role of asymmetric federalism and suggest measures to make dispute resolution mechanisms more effective.2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · Asymmetric Federalism and Diversity
- The model of planned economy was adopted in India to address the regional imbalances left behind by colonial rule. Comment.2026 · Mains GS1 · Post-Independence History · Planned Economy and Regional Imbalances
- A toy moves 5 feet forward for each forward jump and 2 feet backward for each backward jump. In 31 jumps it ends 15 feet ahead. What is the absolute difference between the numbers of forward and backward jumps?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Linear equations
- Which ancient-to-modern river-name pairing is correctly matched?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Vedic geography
- ಕನಕದಾಸರ ಕೀರ್ತನೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಿಂಬಿತವಾಗಿರುವ ಭಾವಗಳನ್ನು, ನೋವುಗಳನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಕನಕದಾಸರು - ಭಾವಲೋಕ
- ಕುಲದ ಹಿರಿಮೆ ನಿರಸನಗೊಂಡು ಸ್ವಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ಯದರ್ಶನವಾದ ಘಟನೆಯ ಧ್ವನ್ಯಾರ್ಥವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Kannada Literary Tradition · ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ-ಆಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮಿಕ ಧ್ವನ್ಯಾರ್ಥ
- Lata, a mother of two children, was admitted to a hospital for acute abdominal pain. Her sister-in-law, Sujatha, accompanied her. Dr. Mansi examined Lata and recommended a diagnostic laparoscopy. Lata’s consent was taken to conduct the medical procedure under general anesthesia. During the laparoscopy, Dr. Mansi’s team discovered a tumor in Lata’s uterus. A closer examination suggested that the tumor could be malignant. One option before Dr. Mansi was to extract a sample for biopsy. In that case, if the tumor was malignant, Lata would have to undergo another surgery for removal of the uterus. An alternative was to remove the uterus immediately. Dr. Mansi had to take a quick decision. As Lata was under general anesthesia, Dr. Mansi explained the situation to Sujatha. Sujatha agreed with Dr. Mansi’s recommendations for a hysterectomy, wherein Lata’s uterus would be removed to avoid the risk and pain of undergoing another surgery. Dr. Mansi removed Lata’s uterus after receiving Sujatha’s consent in writing. Lata was informed of this the next day. She was very upset and felt betrayed as she had not consented to the removal of her uterus. Lata complained to the police who tried to convince her that Dr. Mansi had acted with good intention to help a patient. Sujatha was of the same opinion, however Lata was not convinced and decided to approach the court. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case. (b) Discuss the moral conduct of the doctor in this situation.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Medical Consent, Autonomy and Beneficence
- Discuss the different types of subsidies and supports provided by the Government of India to agricultural sector. Examine the related issues pertaining to Agreement on Agriculture of World Trade Organisation (WTO).2026 · Mains GS3 · Agriculture · Agricultural Subsidies and WTO Agreement on Agriculture
- Examine how the separation of powers is practised in India compared to the rigid presidential model of the United States of America. In this context, compare the actual authority of the Indian Prime Minister with that of the President of the USA.2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · Separation of Powers: India and USA
- Compare the Loo, Chinook and Foehn winds with respect to their regions of prevalence, their nature and climatic impacts.2026 · Mains GS1 · Geography · Loo Chinook and Foehn Winds
- Eight people P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W sit around a circle. P and R are adjacent to Q; T and R are adjacent to S; U and W are adjacent to V; S and W are opposite. Moving clockwise from P, R occurs before T. How many people does Q pass clockwise before meeting W?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Circular seating
- Regarding the Amaravati Stupa and its sculptural tradition, consider: 1. It stood in the lower Krishna valley. 2. It was smaller than Sanchi and second to it in size. 3. Amaravati art influenced later southern traditions and travelled to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Buddhist art
- ಅಲಂಕಾರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ‘ರೀತಿ’ಯ ಮಹತ್ವ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Poetics · Riti
- ಶೂದ್ರತಪಸ್ವಿ ನಾಟಕದಲ್ಲಿನ ಶಂಬೂಕನ ಪಾತ್ರ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಶೂದ್ರತಪಸ್ವಿ - ಶಂಬೂಕ
- Ravi is a senior police officer with vast experience in riot control and cyber-policing. Since one year, he has been the Superintendent of Police (SP) of a district with a history of frequent rioting. Last year, Ravi had sought installation of an AI enabled software for predictive policing. This system has been operational for approximately six months. This new system employs advanced algorithms for capturing the biometric data of persons in a crowd and swiftly relating it to a data library. This has enabled the police to identify the persons involved in various crimes. The system has identified an immigrant and low-income neighbourhood as a centre for gang violence and drug trafficking. Aided by this AI analysis, the local police has focused its patrolling, preventive detentions and establishing checkpoints. Consequently, public order and law enforcement has visibly improved. Last week, some community leaders, civil rights lawyers and human rights activists visited Ravi’s office. They submitted a memorandum that the new system is faulty as it is based on incorrect historical data caused by social biases and discriminatory policing. The memorandum also alleges that the increased surveillance has created a climate of tension amongst residents. This feeling is aggravated by the fact that the residents are not aware of the data noted against their names. (a) What are the ethical issues including biases involved in the use of AI in data-driven policing? (b) Place yourself in Ravi’s role and discuss the alternatives available. Justify the action that optimises compliance with ethics.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · AI Bias, Privacy and Predictive Policing
- Mention salient features of “Mission Drishti”. Discuss the imaging techniques used in the satellite launched on 3rd May 2026. Why it is being considered world's first satellite of its kind?2026 · Mains GS3 · Science & Technology · Mission Drishti and OptoSAR
- To what extent do pressure groups, social movements and corporate lobbies deepen pluralistic democracy in India by representing excluded interests? Analyse whether the growing convergence of corporate wealth and political power poses a threat to the autonomy of formal democratic institutions.2026 · Mains GS2 · Polity · Pressure Groups, Corporate Power and Democracy
- Analyze the role of satellite-based technologies in achieving climate-smart agriculture and food security in India.2026 · Mains GS1 · Geography · Satellite Technology and Climate-Smart Agriculture
- Which king–dynasty match from early historical Tamilakam is incorrect? 1. Senguttuvan–Chera 2. Udiyanjeral–Chola 3. Nedunjeliyan–Pandya2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Sangam age
- A fixed 6×10 rectangular tabletop has two non-overlapping blue rectangles, each 2.5×8, each touching two adjacent outer edges; the rest is white. How many distinct above-view patterns are possible?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Spatial arrangement
- ಪಿ. ಲಂಕೇಶರ ‘ನಿಮ್ಮತ್ತರು’ ಕಥೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ವ್ಯಕ್ತವಾಗುವ ನಿಜ ಸ್ವರೂಪ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಪಿ. ಲಂಕೇಶ್ ಕಥೆ
- ‘ಮಿಶೆಲ್ ಫುಕೋ’ನ ಡಿಸ್ಕೋರ್ಸ್ (Discourse) ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Literary Theory · Foucault Discourse
- Seema is a senior bureaucrat with a reputation of honesty and professional efficiency. She has recently been posted as the District Collector (DC) to Surinder Nagar, where a large industrial area is being established. The new industrial area had caused many farmers to submit applications for change of land use (CLU) to convert their farmlands into residential areas. There is an unusually large backlog of these applications awaiting processing. Seema noticed that some applications had been approved selectively with no visible chronological pattern. The case files showed a few complaints of some approvals being subject to receipt of large bribes from the applicants. On further fact-finding, Seema realized that a small group of touts was controlling this illegal activity through some subordinate officials in the Collectorate. This had created a fear in the other employees who were reluctant to process any application. The resultant backlog has been piling up thereby hindering local economic progress and causing public dissatisfaction. Seema was faced with a major moral and administrative challenge of dismantling this corruption network without hampering daily administrative operations. An aggressive internal investigation would result in institutional resistance and, possibly, a backlash from labour unions. Conversely, ignoring this situation would encourage the wrongdoers and unnecessarily continue this avoidable harassment to the populace. (a) What are the ethical issues involved in this case? (b) Discuss the options open to Seema. Identify the recommended option and justify it.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Corruption, Probity and Administrative Reform
- What is agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Explain its working. Describe its applications with suitable examples. Discuss the advantages, risks and challenges associated with agentic AI systems.2026 · Mains GS3 · Science & Technology · Agentic Artificial Intelligence
- “Transparency and accountability in governance are not about controlling corruption but about creating the trust of stakeholders in the policy process by following the Rule of Law and Participatory Governance.” Comment.2026 · Mains GS2 · Governance · Transparency, Accountability and Trust
- The centre of global trade is gradually shifting from the Atlantic region to the Indo-Pacific region. Examine this statement.2026 · Mains GS1 · Geography · Indo-Pacific Shift in Global Trade
- Which factors contributed to Subhas Chandra Bose forming the Forward Bloc in 1939? 1. Failure to secure Gandhi's confidence. 2. Disunity of the Congress Left. 3. Complete non-support from Communists as the decisive cause. 4. Royists and socialist leaders prioritized Congress unity over Bose.2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · National movement
- Passage: Most countries use 'double deflation', separately deflating input and output prices. With unchanged quantities and output prices, a fall in imported-oil prices should not change real value added; using one deflator for both may make productivity appear higher. Which statements are correct? 1. Real value should remain unchanged in the stated case. 2. Separate input/output deflators are universally used by all economies.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Double deflation
- ‘ಕೊರವನೀಗದ’ ಕಥನ ಗೀತ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಜನಪದ ಕಥನಗೀತ
- ಹೊಯ್ಸಳರ ಕಾಲದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Cultural History · Hoysala Architecture
- Vikas is a government officer with over a decade of service in public administration. He has recently moved as the District Collector (DC) of Nainipura, a remote hilly district bordering a forest. Due to Nainipura’s low levels of economic development, one of his major duties is to ensure proper functioning of the public distribution system (PDS) amongst the economically weaker sections (EWS). During his on-site visits, Vikas was apprised of a typical administrative challenge in operating the PDS. To prevent leakages, all distributors were required to carry out real-time biometric identification of the beneficiaries, whose fingerprints were tallied with identity card records. This was creating problems as the operating system sometimes rejected fingerprint matching in the cases of growing children, manual labourers and senior citizens. The problem was further compounded in periods of low WIFI connectivity. The distributors, in such cases, resorted to personal discretion when they could identify the recipient. Vikas had to address this problem on priority. Strictly adhering to ‘government regulations’ would ensure fiscal probity but would greatly trouble the proposed beneficiary, i.e., EWS. It may even impinge on their fundamental right to life as per Article 21 of the Constitution. Conversely, leaving the resolution solely to the discretion of the distributors could lead to misuse and leakages. (a) What are the options open to Vikas? How should he balance fiscal probity with empathy towards the designated beneficiaries? (b) Discuss the ethics of using technology as a gatekeeper for welfare schemes.2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Technology, Exclusion and Welfare Delivery
- What are the challenges to solid waste management in India? Discuss the governmental policy framework on solid waste management. Discuss the success/failure cases of Delhi and Indore cities highlighting the salient feature of their solid waste management initiatives.2026 · Mains GS3 · Environment · Solid Waste Management, Delhi and Indore
- Can the constitutional mandate of rights-based welfare be effectively realised in the context of non-integrated governance and minimal public investment? Examine.2026 · Mains GS2 · Social Justice · Rights-Based Welfare and State Capacity
- Analyze the major drivers of human-induced land-use changes in India and their geographical consequences.2026 · Mains GS1 · Geography · Human-Induced Land-Use Change in India
- Immediately after the British annexed Awadh in 1856, consider: 1. Taluqdars were dispossessed but allowed to keep arms and forts. 2. The Summary Settlement treated taluqdars largely as outside intermediaries. 3. British policy sought direct revenue relations with cultivators/villages by bypassing taluqdars. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Awadh annexation
- From the deflation passage, evaluate assumptions: 1. A deflation method can make manufacturing performance appear better than it truly is. 2. 'Double deflation' means deflating both input and output against a single input-price index.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Double deflation
- ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಂಗೀತಕ್ಕೆ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಕೊಡುಗೆ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Cultural History · Karnataka Music
- ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಥಾಂಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ಜಾನಪದ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಜಾನಪದ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ - ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಥಾಂಸ್
- Rajapuram is a border district. Jhara and Biru, its two major communities are in continual conflict with each other. The social fabric is fractured and demands mending. Ethnic tensions between the two communities have erupted into violence resulting in a large number of deaths. The stated causes are conflicting land claims, uneven resource allocation and inadequate political representation in government bodies. Separate relief camps had to be created for the two communities. The situation is volatile and appears to be getting out of control. Rajan has been appointed the District Magistrate (DM) of Rajapuram and tasked to quickly get the situation under control. His immediate tasks include restoring administrative authority, reopening the highway and initiating peace talks. On taking over his appointment, Rajan realized that the inter-community rivalry had even seeped into the local administration and police. With functional neutrality being the immediate casualty, it had made both communities distrustful of the government. The neighbouring country could utilize the opportunity to spur insurgent activity and further aggravate the situation. Rajan favoured a controlled approach starting with opening the highway to restore food and medical supplies. He toyed with the idea of requisitioning CRPF units to help restore administrative control. (a) Discuss the ethical issues that need to be addressed in this case. (b) What are the options open to Rajan? Which option would ensure protection of his non-partisan image without compromising ethics?2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Administrative Neutrality in Ethnic Conflict
- “Community participation is the cornerstone of effective disaster management”. Analyse this statement with suitable examples from India. Also discuss the challenges to community participation and measures to strengthen it.2026 · Mains GS3 · Disaster Management · Community Participation in Disaster Management
- Should education be treated primarily as a welfare obligation of the state or as a strategic investment for building a globally competitive, knowledge-driven nation? Critically evaluate.2026 · Mains GS2 · Social Justice · Education as Welfare and Strategic Investment
- Is caste disappearing in urban India? Illustrate your answer with examples.2026 · Mains GS1 · Indian Society · Caste and Urbanisation
- A 15-character string follows a repeating pattern of a and b and is shown with two unknown characters at positions 7 and 8. The consistent repeating block is abbab. What are positions 7 and 8?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Pattern recognition
- Why did the Montagu-Chelmsford constitutional framework encourage political alliances organized around community? Consider: 1. Separate electorates were retained and extended. 2. Such electorates fragmented an increasingly strong nationalism. 3. Communities and disadvantaged groups organized around the political safeguards/benefits created by separate representation.2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Constitutional reforms
- ಆಧುನಿಕ ಪೂರ್ವ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಜೈನಧರ್ಮದ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧೀಕರಣ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Old Kannada Literature · Jain Representation
- ಒಗಟುಗಳ ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಜನಪದ ಒಗಟುಗಳು
- Ajit has been recently promoted as the Head of the Department of Weapon Sales (DWS) in the Ministry of Defence Production (MDP). His charter of duties includes international sales of weapons produced domestically by MDP. In two recent wars, MDP weapons have performed admirably, resulting in many countries showing interest in buying them, particularly long-range artillery and missiles. Country A and country B have asked for these weapons. However, production constraints restrict DWS to accept only one purchase order. Country A is a developing nation with a sound technology base. MDP is planning R&D collaboration with it for the next generation of weapons. It is not part of any security alliance and needs weapons for protection from a troublesome neighbour. It seeks a large acquisition on a long-term loan. Country B is also a developing nation. Military strength is its priority, with the military budget often ingressing into allocations for human resources and infrastructure development. It is in security alliance with a superpower who has a large military base there and periodically allots it financial grants. It is a member of an economic bloc with which the government is currently negotiating a free trade agreement. It is not a signatory of NPT but possesses smaller nuclear weapons and delivery systems. It supports some guerrilla forces abroad. It has sought a smaller acquisition and is prepared to make some advance payment. It is currently negotiating arms purchases from another nation too. Ajit discussed this case with his counterparts in the related departments. Therein, the significant economic benefits, employment generation and stronger diplomatic relations arising from this sale were highlighted. It was also emphasized that refusing the deal could result in country B purchasing weapons from some other supplier. Ajit was aware that in arms sales, due diligence at each stage was pivotal to ensure conformity to national policy and international treaties. (a) Discuss the options available to Ajit. Which option should he select and why? (b) How can Ajit balance nation’s economic and strategic interests with ethical considerations?2026 · Mains GS4 · Ethics · Ethics of Arms Exports and Strategic Interest
- Separatist movements have been one of the major factors contributing to militancy and instability in Jammu & Kashmir (J & K). Bring out actions taken by the Government to bring J & K into national mainstream. Discuss pre and post abrogation status of Articles 370 and 35A. Also bring out positive impacts of abrogation of both articles in mainstreaming the state.2026 · Mains GS3 · Internal Security · Jammu and Kashmir, Separatism and Articles 370/35A
- “India's global diaspora acts as a living bridge, as a critical economic factor and knowledge network in transforming cultural heritage into geopolitical influence and strategic leverage worldwide.” Critically examine this statement.2026 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · Indian Diaspora and Strategic Influence
- Critically examine the challenges of demographic transition in contemporary India.2026 · Mains GS1 · Indian Society · Demographic Transition in India
- Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur, the renowned Karnataka-born Hindustani vocalist, is associated primarily with which gharana?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Indian music
- If 10^m ×1000×n = 75^25 ×25^32 ×32^75 and n is not divisible by 10, find m.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Prime factorization
- ಕಾವ್ಯ ಮೀಮಾಂಸೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಡೆದ ‘ಸಹೃದಯ’ ಮತ್ತು ‘ಕಾವ್ಯ ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ’ದ ಕುರಿತ ಚರ್ಚೆಯನ್ನು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಿ ನಿರೂಪಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Poetics · Sahrudaya and Kavya Prayojana
- ಸಿದ್ಧಲಿಂಗಯ್ಯನವರ ಕವಿತೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಜನಪದ ಆಶಯಗಳನ್ನು ಗುರುತಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಸಿದ್ಧಲಿಂಗಯ್ಯ - ಜನಪದ ಆಶಯ
- Discuss counterfeit currency and money laundering as major sources of terror funding in India. State the actions being taken at International level to check these menaces. Highlight the role of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and methods of compliance by its member states in preventing terror funding.2026 · Mains GS3 · Internal Security · Terror Funding, Counterfeit Currency, Money Laundering and FATF
- “China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has transformed South Asia from a regional space into a theatre of great power competition.” Analyse the strategic implications of the BRI for India's security and regional influence in South Asia.2026 · Mains GS2 · International Relations · BRI and Great Power Competition in South Asia
- Evaluate the impact of globalization on Indian youths with reference to social, political, economic and cultural spheres.2026 · Mains GS1 · Indian Society · Globalisation and Indian Youth
- A 100 km/h train passes a person walking at 4 km/h in the same direction in 15 seconds. Approximately how long would it take to pass the person if the person walked in the opposite direction?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Relative speed
- The expression kshetra-patni, literally 'mistress/lady of the field', is associated with which ancient text?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Vedic literature
- ನವ್ಯಕಥೆಗಳ ವಸ್ತು ಮತ್ತು ಭಾಷೆಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ನವ್ಯ ಕಥೆ
- ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಚರಿತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಲ್ಯಾಣ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರ ಪಾತ್ರವೇನು ? ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Cultural History · Kalyana Chalukyas
- For 1/3 < x < y < 2, which is always true? I. x+1/x < y+1/y. II. √(1+y²)/y < √(1+x²)/x.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Inequalities and functions
- Regarding India's climate response, consider: I. The Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy supports the net-zero 2070 pathway. II. BUR-4 reported roughly an 8% fall in GHG emissions in 2020 compared with 2019. III. Climate-resilient development necessarily requires rapid short-term completion of emission cuts. Which stated relationships are valid?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Climate policy
- “ಮಾಧವಿಯ ಪುರುಷ ಶೋಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿಭಟಿಸುವ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಮಹಿಳೆ” – ಈ ಹೇಳಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ಪರಾಮರ್ಶಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಮಾಧವಿ - ಮಹಿಳಾವಾದಿ ಓದು
- ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳಾವಾದ ಕಾಳಜಿಕೊಂಡ ಬಗೆಯನ್ನು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕವಾಗಿ ನಿರೂಪಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Modern Kannada Literature · Feminism in Kannada
- Using measuring vessels of 1, 6, 25 and 100 litres, what is the minimum number of measurements needed to obtain a net 298 litres, allowing a measured quantity to be returned to the tank?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Measurement optimization
- Consider Western Hoolock Gibbons: 1. A protected area in Northeast India shelters this Endangered ape. 2. Their long arms are specialized for brachiation. 3. They are heavy-bodied like gorillas. Which statements are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Western Hoolock Gibbon
- “ಬೀದಿಮಕ್ಕಳು ಬೆಳದೋ” ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಹಿನ್ನಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮುದಾಯಗಳ ಅನುಭವದ ಅಂತಃಸತ್ವವನ್ನು ಬಿಂಬಿಸುವಲ್ಲಿ ಗಾದೆಗಳ ಮಹತ್ವವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಗಾದೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಮುದಾಯ ಅನುಭವ
- ವಸಾಹತೋತ್ತರ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಸಯೀದನ ‘ಓರಿಯಂಟಲಿಸಂ’ (Orientalism) ಬೀರಿದ ಪ್ರಭಾವವನ್ನು ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Literary Theory · Orientalism
- Weights of 1, 2, 5 and 10 kg are available. In how many different ways can exactly 20 kg be measured if at least 8 but not more than 11 one-kilogram weights must be used?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Integer combinations
- Why are mangroves particularly valuable for climate resilience? Consider: 1. They store freshwater and are ideal for paddy in saline estuaries. 2. Their salt-sensitive roots turn coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones. 3. They absorb tidal/cyclonic energy while supporting coastal livelihoods. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Mangroves
- ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಹುಟ್ಟಿಕೊಂಡ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ವಿದ್ಯಮಾನಗಳ ಕುರಿತು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Cultural History · Vijayanagara Empire
- ಜಮೀನ್ದಾರಿ ಮತ್ತು ಆಡಳಿತಶಾಹಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯ ದಲಿತ ಶೋಷಣೆಯ ಮುಖಗಳು ‘ಒಡಲಾಳ’ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಗೆ ಚಿತ್ರಿತವಾಗಿವೆ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಒಡಲಾಳ - ದಲಿತ ಶೋಷಣೆ
- A cube is cut by planes, pieces remaining unmoved. After the third cut all resulting pieces are identical. Which cannot be the total number of pieces after a fourth planar cut?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Spatial cutting
- Which feature best explains why Vizhinjam International Seaport marks a structural shift in India's maritime logistics?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · Maritime logistics
- ‘ತೋಫಲು’ ನಾಟಕದ ಮಲತಾಯಿಯ ಪಾತ್ರದ ಮಹತ್ವವನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ತೋಫಲು - ಮಲತಾಯಿ ಪಾತ್ರ
- ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗೆ ಮೈಸೂರು ಅರಸರ ಕಾಲದ ಕೊಡುಗೆ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Cultural History · Mysore Painting
- Identify the river: it has antecedent drainage, crosses three countries, originates on the Tibetan Plateau, is important for irrigation and does not form a distributary system of its own.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · River systems
- A class average x rises by 4 when a score is corrected from 0 to100. Later another score is corrected from81 down to56. If the final average is y, find y−x.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Average
- ಮಾರ್ಕ್ಸ್ವಾದಿ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಯ ಸ್ವರೂಪ ಮತ್ತು ಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Literary Theory · Marxist Literary Criticism
- ದೇವರ ನಂಬಿಕೆಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ನಾಸ್ತಿಕರು - ಆಸ್ತಿಕರು ಇವರಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಚರ್ಚೆ ಹಾಗೂ ವಾಗ್ವಾದಗಳನ್ನು ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಆಸ್ತಿಕ-ನಾಸ್ತಿಕ ಸಂವಾದ
- Which statements about Indian State boundaries are incorrect? 1. Uttar Pradesh borders the greatest number of other Indian States. 2. Rajasthan has the longest international border among Indian States. 3. Sikkim is the only State bordering just one other Indian State.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · Political geography
- Passage: SARS-CoV-2 was novel in 2019, whereas HMPV has circulated for decades; they belong to different virus families, have different epidemiology, seasonality, severity and affected population profiles. Which conclusions are valid? 1. They are similar viruses and SARS-CoV-2 became pandemic mainly because it was novel. 2. Their fundamentally different impacts mean they should not automatically be treated in the same manner.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · HMPV and SARS-CoV-2
- ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಮೇಲೆ ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮದ ಪ್ರಭಾವವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Cultural History · Islamic Influence on Architecture
- “ಕನ್ನಡ ಜನಪದ ಕಥೆಗಳ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ವರ್ಗದ ಕಥೆಗಳಿಗೂ ‘ಕನ್ನಡ ಜನಪದ ಕಥೆಗಳು’ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಒಂದು ಉತ್ತಮ ಮಾದರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ” – ಈ ಹೇಳಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ವಿಮರ್ಶಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಕನ್ನಡ ಜನಪದ ಕಥೆಗಳು
- From the HMPV/SARS-CoV-2 passage, which proposed writer-intents are supported? 1. Develop methodologies for objective analysis. 2. Establish epidemiological similarities and differences. 3. Explain HMPV remedies by comparison with SARS-CoV-2.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Writer's intent
- Regarding Amur Falcons stopping at Doyang in Nagaland: 1. Community conservation has helped protect these international migrants. 2. Human tracking devices guide the birds back to the site. 3. The species has become permanently resident in India. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Migratory birds
- ‘ಶಾಂತರಸ’ದ ಅನನ್ಯತೆಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper I · Poetics · ರಸಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತ - ಶಾಂತರಸ
- ‘ಬೆಟ್ಟದ ಜೀವ’ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಗೋಪಾಲಯ್ಯ, ಭೂಮಿ ಮತ್ತು ನಿಸರ್ಗದೊಡನೆ ನಡೆಸುವ ಹೋರಾಟವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಿ.2026 · Kannada Optional Paper II · Kannada Literature · ಬೆಟ್ಟದ ಜೀವ - ಗೋಪಾಲಯ್ಯ
- Which is an objective of Rainfed Area Development under the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture? 1. Encourage monoculture in rainfed zones. 2. Expand irrigated rice cultivation. 3. Raise productivity and reduce climatic risk through integrated farming systems.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Rainfed Area Development
- From the same virus passage, which rational inferences follow? 1. HMPV has a much longer documented history than SARS-CoV-2. 2. Their differences produce different outcomes among affected populations. 3. Their long-term effects differ materially. 4. Both share strong seasonal specificity.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Virus epidemiology
- x,y,z are distinct values chosen from 2,3,4,5. If M and N are the maximum and minimum of xy+z, what is M−N?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Optimization
- For Eri Silk, what are important implications of obtaining OEKO-TEX certification? 1. It improves access to premium markets demanding assurance against harmful chemicals. 2. It strengthens international safety/quality credibility for eco-conscious textile markets. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Textiles and standards
- Positive variables satisfy y∝x² and x∝1/z. When z=7/25, x=5 and y=50. If y=98, find z.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Variation
- Ships departing which of these countries normally must transit the Strait of Hormuz to reach the open Indian Ocean? 1. Bahrain 2. Syria 3. Qatar 4. Egypt2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · Straits and maritime geography
- Tungurahua Volcano, included in a UNESCO Global Geopark designation in 2025, is located in which country?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · Volcanoes
- Passage: India is beginning to use AI in weather forecasting, pest control and yield optimization, but adoption is concentrated among tech-savvy farmers. Wider use could come from affordable Indian-language tools, AgTech partnerships and government advisory programmes. Which assumptions are valid? 1. Western agricultural productivity advanced because AI economies of scale. 2. Affordable local-language AI can reach more small farmers. 3. India already uses AI in some critical farm applications despite low penetration.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · AI in agriculture
- From the agricultural-AI passage, which statements are NOT correct? 1. Tech-savvy farmers will drive future AgTech companies. 2. Government AI advisory services would help. 3. AI has replaced traditional farming in the US and Europe. 4. Large datasets are already integrated for real-time agronomic insight.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · AI in agriculture
- Regarding Madhav National Park, consider: 1. It became a Tiger Reserve in 2025. 2. Ramsar-listed Sakhya Sagar lies within it. 3. Its territory is divided between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Protected areas
- P,Q,R,S,T have ranks1–5. P=4, R=1, Q≠5, S≠2, T≠3. I. If S=3 then T=2. II. If Q=3 then T=5. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Ranking
- Consider the climate of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 1. It is humid tropical coastal. 2. Rain arrives from both southwest and northeast monsoons. 3. The maximum rainfall period is December to May. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · Indian climate
- Which features are associated with India's Peninsular Block? 1. Tectonic submergence along parts of the western coast. 2. Residual ranges such as Veliconda and Mahendragiri. 3. Predominantly youthful, deep V-shaped river valleys. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · Peninsular India
- Two five-segment rods carry matching colour positions labelled P1–P5 and Q1–Q5, with P1 matching Q3, P4 matching Q1 or Q2, and Q4 matching P3 or P5. If Q3 and Q5 are adjacent, are these possible? I. Q3 is in the middle. II. P2 is at an extreme.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Arrangement
- Seven persons A–G use cars X,Y,Z. A and two others use X; only E travels with G; C uses Z; B does not use Y; A and B are in different cars. Which are correct? I. Nobody travels alone. II. D is the only person with F. III. C is the only person with B.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Grouping
- With reference to Sagarmala, consider three propositions: I. It promotes sustainable port-led growth. II. Growth in coastal/inland-waterway shipping and better port performance supports the effectiveness of that strategy. III. Sagarmala 2.0 extends the framework toward maritime innovation aligned with Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047. Which relationships are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Sagarmala
- Statements X,Y,Z,W obey: if X is false then Z is false; if Y is false then W is true; if W is true then X is false. I. If X is true, Y is true. II. If Z is true, Y need not be true. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Conditional logic
- Regarding Rhynchostylis retusa (Foxtail orchid): 1. It is epiphytic. 2. It is endemic only to Northeast India. 3. It is a State flower of both Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Foxtail orchid
- The UNESCO-listed Moidams created under the Tai-Ahom kingdom were principally what?2026 · Prelims GS1 · History & Culture · Moidams
- Runners X and Y have speed ratio 7:5 and start together in the same direction. After Y finishes5 laps it reverses and doubles speed; X continues until completing21 laps. How many meetings occur after start and before the final stopping instant?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Circular motion
- Which set correctly states FAO's 'Four Betters', also applied in the Blue Transformation framework?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · Blue Transformation
- An exam awards +5 for correct and −2 for wrong. A student attempts all questions and scores69. Under an alternative +4/−1 scheme the same responses would score84. How many questions were there?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Linear equations
- Passage: Under the JJ Act 2015, a child above16 may potentially be tried as an adult for a heinous offence, defined by a minimum punishment of seven years; the 2021 amendment classifies offences with no minimum but maximum of seven years or more as serious. Which conclusions are valid? 1. Only a serious offence justifies transfer to adult court. 2. Serious-offence classification in the stated category depends on maximum rather than minimum sentence.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Juvenile Justice Act
- Regarding Lake Turkana: 1. It is the world's largest permanent desert lake. 2. It lies in South Sudan on the Sahara's eastern edge. 3. Its associated national parks are UNESCO-listed and it is known as the Jade Sea. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Geography · African lakes
- Using the JJ Act passage, consider: 1. An offence with no prescribed minimum punishment cannot meet the 2015 definition of 'heinous'. 2. Under the 2021 amendment, an offence with no minimum but a maximum sentence of at least seven years is classified as serious. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Juvenile Justice Act
- Which project was India's first REDD+ initiative to obtain Plan Vivo certification?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · REDD+
- Which statements about genetic medicines are correct? 1. They can repair, replace or compensate for faulty genes causing disease. 2. Engineered viral vectors and lipid nanoparticles can deliver genetic material. 3. They necessarily alter the entire DNA sequence of a patient.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Genetic medicine
- An explosion occurs some distance from an army camp. When its sound reaches the camp, drone 1 flies to the site and sends a picture instantly on arrival. On receipt, drone 2 immediately flies to the same site and sends another picture. Pictures arrive at 5:02 PM and 5:05 PM. Drone speed is 30 m/s and sound speed 300 m/s. When did the explosion occur?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Time speed distance
- What is the units digit of 6^129 × 7^307?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Units digit
- Regarding Large Language Models: 1. They model probabilities of possible next tokens/words. 2. Training uses mathematical optimization to reduce prediction loss. 3. Their outputs are guaranteed to be unbiased. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Large Language Models
- A person saves 10% of salary. Salary rises by12% while expenditure rises by10%. What happens to monthly saving?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Percentage
- Consider stealth technology: 1. Low radar cross-section and radar-absorbing materials are used. 2. Certain radar frequency bands can still detect stealth platforms. 3. Metamaterials are applied mainly to increase electromagnetic scattering. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Stealth technology
- With reference to aircraft flight recorders ('black boxes'): 1. Their underwater beacons emit red-light pulses. 2. They record cockpit audio and flight data. 3. Crash-survivable memory is protected using materials such as stainless steel or titanium. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Aviation technology
- P has a son and a daughter. S is T's mother and R's spouse. Q and R are P's children. How is Q related to S?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Blood relations
- How many three-digit positive integers are integral powers of 2?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Powers
- Regarding green hydrogen: 1. Hydrogen from natural-gas reforming with carbon capture is green hydrogen. 2. Renewable-powered water electrolysis produces green hydrogen. 3. India's National Green Hydrogen Mission targets roughly 50 MMT annual GHG-abatement potential by 2030. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Green hydrogen
- Private participation in India's space sector: 1. IN-SPACe facilitates and authorizes non-government space activity. 2. Agnikul demonstrated a flight using a fully 3D-printed single-piece rocket engine. 3. Skyroot developed the liquid propellant used by GSLV. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Private space sector
- Passage: Cleaner air depends strongly on the fuels we burn. Pet coke and coal bans show that bans need feasible cleaner alternatives; the CNG transition required assured supply and fiscal measures keeping clean fuel affordable. Which inferences follow? 1. Fuel choice is central to clean-air policy. 2. Bans work mainly when public will is strong. 3. Courts have supported fiscal intervention to keep cleaner fuels competitively priced.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Clean fuel transition
- From the clean-air passage, consider: 1. Thermal power stations in Delhi were ordered simply to shut down. 2. CNG supply had to be assured when diesel buses were stopped. 3. The Supreme Court itself imposed the coal ban across the NCR. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Clean fuel transition
- Regarding drone swarms: 1. They normally rely on terahertz links to the command centre. 2. Drones within a swarm can communicate with one another. 3. GPS spoofing can be used as a counter-drone technique. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Drone swarms
- Every red is blue; every blue is green; every green is yellow. P: every blue is yellow. Q: every red is green. R: every red is yellow. Which follow?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Syllogism
- Regarding GenomeIndia: 1. It is a component of the original international Human Genome Project. 2. It is supported by India's Department of Biotechnology. 3. It seeks to catalogue genetic diversity across Indian populations. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · GenomeIndia
- Across all two-digit positive integers, how many times does the digit 5 occur?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Counting digits
- The National Quantum Mission includes which features? 1. Development of intermediate-scale quantum computers in roughly the 50–1000 physical-qubit range. 2. Four thematic hubs for major quantum-technology domains. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · National Quantum Mission
- Regarding India's Deep Ocean Mission: 1. It is administered by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways. 2. Matsya-6000 is designed for a three-person crew. 3. Samudrayaan forms part of the mission. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Deep Ocean Mission
- X cycles 6 km: first1 km at5 km/h, next2 km at10, last3 km at4. Y covers the same legs at4,10,5 km/h respectively. How many minutes earlier does Y finish?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Speed and time
- A senior official discovers that a private vaccine-distribution contractor is sacrificing quality for profit. Despite vested-interest pressure, he reports the matter to vigilance authorities and stops the contract to protect citizens. Which public-administration principle is most directly demonstrated?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Public administration ethics
- Seven identical-looking cubes include one lighter cube; the other six have equal weight. Using a balance scale, what is the minimum worst-case number of weighings needed to identify the lighter cube?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Balance puzzle
- Passage: Earlier customer-service technologies raised fears of job losses that largely did not materialize. AI may differ, but it could also free humans for more creative and rewarding work such as using feedback to improve products. Which option best captures the passage?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · AI and employment
- A proposed waste facility near a sacred tribal hamlet triggers conflict with urban residents seeking better waste disposal. Which measures aid responsible resolution? 1. First acknowledge cultural concerns. 2. Proceed immediately because urban interests outweigh a small group's concerns. 3. Establish multi-stakeholder dialogue. 4. Conduct and transparently share an independent environmental/social impact assessment.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Conflict resolution
- Using the customer-service technology passage, which conclusions are correct? 1. New customer-service technologies have repeatedly triggered job-loss fears. 2. Technology may replace tasks without eliminating jobs, creating alternative work. 3. New technology inevitably creates stressful outcomes.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · AI and employment
- A civil servant receives confidential but unproven adverse information about a shortlisted public-works contractor. Full public disclosure may be defamatory, while silently ignoring it undermines transparency. What is the best immediate course?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Administrative ethics
- Passage: Rai Sahib refuses profitable offers to lease a common grazing ground because cattle from nearby villages use it; he believes a landlord must look after tenants. Which conclusion is correct? 1. All landlords have innate goodness. 2. Village common grazing land is intended only for cattle of that village. 3. A tradition-minded landlord such as Rai Sahib may be especially concerned about tenants. 4. Winds later in the day are cooler than the morning air.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Rai Sahib passage
- Under Article 13 of the Constitution, X says 'law' includes ordinances, orders, rules and regulations but rejects Y's statement that custom or usage having the force of law is also included. Which conclusion is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Article 13
- Consider claims that the Constitution contains no Article: 1. officially calling it the Constitution of India; 2. repealing the Indian Independence Act 1947 and Government of India Act 1935; 3. specifying 26 January 1950 as commencement. Which conclusion is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Constitutional provisions
- From the Rai Sahib passage, which statements are NOT correct? 1. All of Rai Sahib's landholdings were not being farmed. 2. He was as greedy as other landlords. 3. It cannot be known whether leasing the grazing land could earn money. 4. He valued tenants and their livelihood.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Rai Sahib passage
- Regarding disability policy in India: 1. The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act was enacted in 2018. 2. Sugamya Bharat targets accessibility in built environment, transport and ICT. 3. NDFDC was set up under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Disability rights
- Facing east, a person walks4 km, turns right for3 km, turns left for2 km, then turns left for3 km. What are the straight-line distance from the start and final facing direction?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Directions
- A sequence starts 4,7 and every later term is the sum of the two preceding terms. What is the sixth term?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Number sequence
- Regarding SC/ST provisions: 1. Tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram are governed by the Fifth Schedule. 2. Certain Scheduled Tribe members in specified areas can receive income-tax exemptions on specified incomes. 3. The Constitution provides reservation in Panchayats for women belonging to SCs/STs. Which conclusion is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · SC ST safeguards
- Parliamentary questions: 1. Unstarred questions seek oral answers. 2. Starred questions seek written answers. 3. Supplementary questions cannot be asked on unstarred questions. Which conclusion is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Parliamentary procedure
- Male:female worker ratios in companies A and B are13:10 and7:5. If both companies have the same number of female workers, what is the ratio of their total workforces A:B?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Ratio
- About Parliament's Committee on the Welfare of SCs/STs, consider: 1. Its chair is appointed by the Rajya Sabha Chairman. 2. It has 20 Rajya Sabha and 10 Lok Sabha members. 3. The Social Justice Minister may be a member although other ministers may not. 4. Members serve two-year terms. Which conclusion is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Parliamentary committees
- For two distinct natural numbers, suppose HCF×LCM equals the cube of one of the numbers. I. Their difference must be even. II. One of the numbers must be a perfect square. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · HCF and LCM
- Digits x and y make the number 4x5y790 divisible by11. What remainder does x+y leave on division by11?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Divisibility by 11
- Regarding Mission Sudarshan Chakra, consider: 1. It seeks stronger air and ballistic-missile defence along with aerial offensive capability. 2. It emphasizes rapid, precise, powerful responses and strategic autonomy. 3. The announced vision includes an expanded security shield covering public/strategic places by 2035. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Defence policy
- Consider bridges linking India with neighbouring countries: 1. Maitri Setu over the Feni connects Ramgarh (India) with Sabroom (Bangladesh). 2. Jhulaghat suspension bridge links India with Myanmar. 3. Mechi bridge links Panitanki Bypass in India with Kakarvitta in Nepal. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Neighbourhood connectivity
- Passage: At Wimbledon, actor Hugh Grant briefly fell asleep in the Royal Box. The writer treats the nap as a quietly radical surrender not to laziness but to bodily limits, placing rest above society's relentless performance demands. Which statements are correct? 1. A mild surrender against social expectations can itself be radical. 2. Accepting age/body limitations should not be equated with laziness. 3. The phrase 'leading man, not of action but of rest' deliberately recasts a cinematic expression.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Rest and social expectations
- From the Hugh Grant passage, consider: 1. He was watching a men's semifinal between Cobolli and Djokovic. 2. 'Unexpected ace' uses tennis imagery for the nap but the act is condemned. 3. Grant lets bodily wisdom override social performance expectations. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Rest and social expectations
- Regarding Zero FIR under BNSS 2023: 1. It can be used even when the offence is outside the police station's territorial jurisdiction, including the stated cognizable/non-cognizable formulation. 2. The officer-in-charge may conduct a preliminary enquiry with competent prior permission in applicable cases. 3. The informant must necessarily submit the information electronically. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · BNSS and Zero FIR
- Three Government-organisation rows are given: CEIB—coordination among enforcement agencies—Home Ministry; SFIO—complex corporate fraud—Finance Ministry; CBI—preserving probity/public life and national economic health—Department of Personnel. How many rows are fully correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Government organisations
- Passage: Convergence theory describes breakaway, catch-up and fine-tuning phases between technology leaders and followers. Leaders pull ahead when a new technology emerges; followers later adopt it; in fine-tuning both extract remaining gains and incomes converge. Which conclusions are correct? 1. Followers make slow progress during breakaway. 2. Leaders stagnate during catch-up. 3. In fine-tuning, an increasingly exhausted technology yields similar income levels. 4. The historical sequence cited is scavenging→hunting→farming→industrial technology.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Convergence theory
- Which among these international instruments have not been ratified by India? 1. ILO Employment Policy Convention. 2. ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention. 3. International Convention on Migrant Workers and their Families. 4. Fourth Geneva Convention on protection of civilians in war. 5. Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · International conventions
- Using the convergence passage, which statements are correct? 1. The model divides nations themselves into three phases. 2. Its core is closing a gap between 'labour' and 'productivity'. 3. Technology leaders generally enter new economic eras earlier than followers. 4. The time span should be obtained by adding all four historical date markers listed in the passage.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Reading Comprehension · Convergence theory
- Regarding the AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi: 1. Its foundational Sutras were People, Planning and Progress. 2. A cited Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI was binding on participants. 3. The New Delhi Declaration was organized around seven Chakras including Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science and Secure & Trusted AI. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · AI governance
- Alloy P is20% copper and80% zinc; Q is60% copper and40% zinc. In what ratio P:Q should they be mixed to obtain an alloy with equal copper and zinc?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Alligation
- Which connectivity projects form part of India's cooperation with ASEAN member countries? 1. Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project. 2. India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway. 3. Agartala–Akhaura Rail Line.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · India ASEAN connectivity
- A is a two-digit number with distinct non-zero reversal B, also two-digit. If A>B and A−B is a multiple of27, how many possible values of A exist?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Digits and divisibility
- If ZERO is coded as ADSN by alternately shifting letters +1,−1,+1,−1, how is STOP coded?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Coding-decoding
- Match India-supported projects with countries: A Mangdechhu Hydroelectric Project; B restoration of Stor Palace; C District Hospital at Dickoya; D Institute of Security and Law Enforcement Studies. Countries: 1 Maldives, 2 Afghanistan, 3 Bhutan, 4 Sri Lanka.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Development partnerships
- Which defence platforms in the list are manufactured/assembled in India? 1. Su-30MKI fighter aircraft. 2. T-90 MK-III tanks. 3. Akula-class nuclear submarine.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Defence manufacturing
- A 3×100 rectangular strip must be tiled exactly with 3×3, 3×7 and 3×11 tiles. If x and y are the maximum and minimum possible numbers of tiles, what is x−y?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Integer optimization
- A train must cover800 km. After200 km a minor accident halves its speed; 400 km later a mechanical defect reduces the then-current speed to one-fourth. If reversing the order of accident and defect at those same distances would add4 hours, what was the original speed?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Speed changes
- Consider migration-cooperation platforms: 1. Colombo Process decisions are legally binding when adopted by consensus. 2. Abu Dhabi Dialogue is a voluntary, non-binding consultation among Asian labour-origin and destination countries. 3. The Global Forum on Migration and Development is voluntary and non-binding. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Migration diplomacy
- Five candidates are scored in three components with weights0.2,0.3,0.5. Their component scores are: C1=(5,4,6), C2=(4,6,5), C3=(3,2,8), C4=(9,4,3), C5=(8,8,2). What cutoff selects exactly the top three?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Data Interpretation, Numeracy · Weighted score
- Among WFP, UNICEF, UNHCR and ILO, how many have received the Nobel Peace Prize twice?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · United Nations
- Match UN peacekeeping missions to their operating periods: A UNMIL; B MINURCAT; C MINUSTAH; D UNMISET. Periods: 1 2007–2010; 2 2002–2005; 3 2003–2018; 4 2004–2017.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · UN peacekeeping
- S1: Environmental protection is an existential necessity because degradation affects climate. S2: Scientific consensus is incomplete on the extent of human contribution to climate change. S3: Environmental activism includes climate alarmism/extremism that climate-change deniers often focus on. Which relations are correct? 1. S3 is a counterpoint to S1. 2. S3 is unconnected to S1/S2. 3. S2 could help explain the dynamic in S3.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Logical Reasoning, Reasoning · Statement relationships
- Match BIMSTEC institutions with locations: A Cultural Industries Observatory; B Energy Centre; C Centre for Weather and Climate; D Technology Transfer Facility. Locations: 1 NOIDA; 2 Bengaluru; 3 Colombo; 4 Thimphu.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · BIMSTEC
- Match relationship with communication style: A cricket captain–team; B judge–lawyers; C Vice Chancellor–Deputy Registrar; D peers/coworkers. Styles: 1 informal & firm, 2 informal & open-ended, 3 formal & open-ended, 4 formal & firm.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Communication Skills, Reasoning · Communication styles
- Which Indian Army Corps–headquarters pair is incorrectly matched?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Indian Army commands
- Match communication tools to purpose: A Memorandum; B Flyer; C Bcc; D Minutes. Purposes: 1 record decisions, 2 inform confidentially, 3 intimate a directive, 4 disseminate non-targeted information.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Communication Skills, Reasoning · Communication tools
- For interpersonal conflict among culturally diverse office staff, which directives are most appropriate? 1. Require staff to practise each group's cultural-marker activities. 2. Let conflicts resolve naturally over time. 3. Encourage staff to understand one another's perspectives.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Communication Skills, Reasoning · Interpersonal conflict
- Regarding Revamped Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan: 1. Its implementation runs from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2026. 2. Its key purpose is to build PRI governance capacity for SDG delivery. 3. Central funding is 100% for every State and UT. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · Panchayati Raj
- Which countries in the list are European Union members? 1. Belarus 2. Poland 3. Germany 4. Switzerland2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · European Union
- Match communication barriers to examples: A Semantic; B Cognitive; C Organisational; D Affective. Examples: 1 lack of feedback, 2 misunderstanding a word, 3 fear of social stigma, 4 information overload.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Communication Skills, Reasoning · Communication barriers
- For an on-location questionnaire assessing feasibility of a family-oriented vacation resort near a mountain lake, which information should be included? 1. Family size. 2. Budget. 3. Number of earners. 4. Food allergies/diet restrictions.2026 · Prelims CSAT · Communication Skills, Reasoning · Questionnaire design
- Match INTERPOL notices to functions: A Silver; B Blue; C Black; D Green. Functions: 1 information on unidentified bodies; 2 additional information on a person's identity/location/activity in an investigation; 3 warning about a person's criminal activity/threat; 4 identify and trace criminal assets.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · INTERPOL notices
- Regarding circular letters: 1. They are usually addressed to a group. 2. They typically contain customized non-standard content. 3. They are appropriate for confidential employee appraisal/increment notices. 4. They are less cost-effective than individually tailored letters. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Communication Skills, Reasoning · Circular letters
- Regarding the NIRANTAR platform under MoEFCC: 1. Ecosystem Survey and Analysis is led by Botanical Survey of India. 2. Research and Management of Ecosystem Services is led by Central Zoo Authority. 3. Capacity Development Support is led by Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Environment & Ecology · NIRANTAR
- During the German Chancellor's January 2026 India visit, which listed outcomes are NOT correct? 1. Ayurveda MoU with University of Hamburg. 2. Youth hockey MoU between Hockey India and German Hockey Federation. 3. A bilateral Indo-Pacific dialogue mechanism. 4. Opening/announcement of an Honorary German Consul in Lucknow.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Polity & Governance · India Germany relations
- Partners A,B,C share profit proportional to capital×time. A invests one-third of total capital for one-third of the duration; B one-fourth for one-fourth; C the remaining capital for the full duration. From ₹17,000 profit, how much does C receive?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Partnership
- A 10-litre container initially holds only chemical A. Three times, 1 litre of the mixture is removed and replaced with 1 litre of B. Approximately what percentage of the final mixture is B?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Replacement mixtures
- Regarding DHRUV64: 1. It is the third chip fabricated under the DIR-V programme aimed at enabling Indian microprocessors. 2. It is described as India's first indigenous 1.0 GHz 64-bit dual-core microprocessor. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · DHRUV64 microprocessor
- A delivery worker earns ₹5 per delivery plus ₹2 per kilometre, wants more than ₹500 per day, and refuses to travel more than100 km. Which number of deliveries definitely guarantees the target without knowing total distance?2026 · Prelims CSAT · Basic Numeracy, Numeracy · Linear constraints
- Regarding BIS standard IS 19445:2025 for bomb-disposal systems: 1. IS 19445:2025 is the relevant standard. 2. Standardized test/performance requirements can improve equipment interoperability across agencies. 3. It was co-developed by TBRL-DRDO with Russia's 30th Central Scientific Research Institute. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Bomb disposal standards
- Which UK-born scientist, serving as a professor at a United States university, was among the 2025 Nobel laureates?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Current Affairs · Nobel Prize 2025
- Regarding tennis Grand Slam tournaments, consider: 1. The four Grand Slams share a governance/cooperation structure for common matters. 2. They are open to internationally ranked players meeting age and entry requirements, including players above 14. 3. A player is subject to a uniform fixed cap on wild cards across all four tournaments. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Current Affairs · Grand Slam tennis
- Which semiconductor-project location is NOT correctly matched?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Semiconductor ecosystem
- Regarding the Bharat Forecast System, consider: 1. It is designed to enable very high-resolution forecasts down to local/Panchayat-cluster scales. 2. It was developed by IIT Delhi. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Weather forecasting
- Regarding the film 'Boong', consider: 1. It won the BAFTA Children's and Family Film category. 2. It was directed by Lakshmipriya Devi. 3. It became the first Indian film to win a BAFTA in that category. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Current Affairs · Indian cinema
- Regarding blockchain technology, consider: 1. Relevant participants can inspect shared records while accepted entries are resistant to alteration. 2. Copies of the ledger/database may be maintained across multiple network computers and synchronized. 3. A consortium blockchain is simply a hybrid of a fully public and a fully private blockchain that gives selective access to the public. 4. Consensus/cryptographic mechanisms make accepted records effectively immutable. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Science & Technology · Blockchain
- An online retailer lists products without holding inventory; when an order arrives, a third-party supplier ships directly to the customer. Which business model is this?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Digital commerce
- The Reserve Bank of India's Financial Inclusion Index is built around which three broad sub-indices?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Financial Inclusion Index
- What is the central objective of the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · ONDC
- Which statement comparing UPI and the Digital Rupee (e₹) is NOT correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · CBDC and UPI
- Regarding tokenization of Real-World Assets (RWA), consider: 1. It represents real-world assets as digital tokens on a blockchain or distributed ledger. 2. It can support 24×7 transferability and fractional ownership, potentially widening access. 3. It can provide smaller investors access to high-value assets that were previously difficult to enter. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Asset tokenization
- A bond whose proceeds finance a combination of eligible environmental and social projects is generally classified as what?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Sustainable finance
- Which service is principally provided through the M1xchange platform? 1. Collateral-backed term loans. 2. Discounting/financing of trade receivables and invoices. 3. Issuing formal corporate credit ratings.2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · TReDS
- What is meant by the 'crowding-out' effect in macroeconomics?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Crowding out
- Regarding rare-earth elements and critical minerals, consider: 1. Rare-earth elements are important inputs in technologies such as AI hardware, robotics and space systems. 2. China is the largest producer, followed by India as the world's second-largest rare-earth miner. 3. India launched the National Critical Mineral Mission in 2025. 4. Rare-earth elements comprise only 13 metallic elements. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Critical minerals
- Regarding aviation insurance and passenger liability, consider: 1. Aviation hull insurance can cover the aircraft body, engines and associated onboard equipment. 2. Under the Montreal Convention framework, carriers face strict/no-fault liability up to a prescribed threshold for passenger death or bodily injury. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Aviation insurance
- Regarding crowdfunding, consider: 1. It raises comparatively small contributions from a large number of people, commonly through online platforms, for a project or venture. 2. It can provide SMEs or start-ups an alternative route to finance, sometimes with lower intermediation costs than traditional channels. Which is correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Crowdfunding
- Consider committee–subject–institution associations: 1. R.N. Malhotra Committee — insurance-sector reform — IRDAI. 2. L.C. Gupta Committee — derivatives-market roadmap — SEBI. 3. Urjit Patel Committee — housing-lending reform — RBI. 4. Y.H. Malegam Committee — microfinance reform — RBI. Which rows are correctly matched?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Financial-sector committees
- Regarding Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), consider: 1. They cannot accept demand deposits. 2. Every NBFC-like financial institution without exception must register with RBI. 3. NBFCs are part of the payment-and-settlement system and may issue cheques drawn on themselves. 4. Deposits with deposit-taking NBFCs do not receive DICGC deposit insurance. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · NBFCs
- Regarding multidimensional poverty measurement, consider: 1. The Alkire-Foster method underpins multidimensional poverty indices. 2. NITI Aayog's national MPI uses 12 indicators. 3. Maternal health and bank-account ownership are indicators common to both India's national MPI and the UNDP/OPHI Global MPI. Which are correct?2026 · Prelims GS1 · Economy & Social Development · Multidimensional Poverty Index